cheat Who acts: cheat, person, It, He, Nobody, shopkeeper · What happens: cheat, mean, break, win, get, do · To what, where: rules, advantage, something, someone, them, money · Speech: someone speaks here
«cheat» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cheat in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To cheat means to break the rules to win or get an advantage, or to do something dishonest.
The tree, 18 words mark csubj mark ccomp det obj mark advcl cc conj det obj punct cc mark conj obj amod punct root To PART cheat VERB means VERB to PART break VERB the DET rules NOUN to PART win VERB or CCONJ get VERB an DET advantage NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART do VERB something PRON dishonest ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 cheat mark 2 cheat cheat VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 break mark 5 break break VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means ccomp 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 rules det 7 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 5 break obj 8 to to PART _ 9 win mark 9 win win VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 break advcl 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 get cc 11 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 win conj 12 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 advantage det 13 advantage advantage NOUN Number=Sing 11 get obj 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 do punct 15 or or CCONJ _ 17 do cc 16 to to PART _ 17 do mark 17 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 break conj 18 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 17 do obj 19 dishonest dishonest ADJ Degree=Pos 18 something amod 20 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cheat to-infinitive vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 break not said to happen to-infinitive the rules vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient 4 win to-infinitive vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 get infinitive a advantage vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer advantage=Stimulus 6 do to-infinitive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To cheat someone means to trick them, often to get their money or things.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj obj mark xcomp obj punct advmod mark advcl nmod:poss obj cc conj punct root To PART cheat VERB someone PRON means VERB to PART trick VERB them PRON , PUNCT often ADV to PART get VERB their PRON money NOUN or CCONJ things NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 cheat mark 2 cheat cheat VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means csubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 cheat obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 trick mark 6 trick trick VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means xcomp 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 trick obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 get punct 9 often often ADV _ 11 get advmod 10 to to PART _ 11 get mark 11 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 trick advcl 12 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 money nmod:poss 13 money money NOUN Number=Sing 11 get obj 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 things cc 15 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 13 money conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cheat to-infinitive someone vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Source 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 trick not said to happen to-infinitive them = they vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient 4 get to-infinitive their money or things often property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer money=Stimulus
Meaning 3 A cheat is a person who cheats.
det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl punct root A DET cheat NOUN is AUX a DET person NOUN who PRON cheats VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cheat det 2 cheat cheat NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 cheats nsubj 7 cheats cheat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person acl:relcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a cheat a person tree rules 2 cheat present a person vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 1 It's wrong to cheat in a test.
nsubj cop mark xcomp case det obl punct root It PRON 's AUX wrong ADJ to PART cheat VERB in ADP a DET test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 wrong nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 wrong cop 3 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 cheat mark 5 cheat cheat VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 wrong xcomp 6 in in ADP _ 8 test case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 test det 8 test test NOUN Number=Sing 5 cheat obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 wrong punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It wrong property tree rules 2 cheat to-infinitive a test vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 2 He cheated by peeking at the cards.
nsubj mark advcl case det obl punct root He PRON cheated VERB by SCONJ peeking VERB at ADP the DET cards NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 cheated nsubj 2 cheated cheat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 by by SCONJ _ 4 peeking mark 4 peeking peek VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 cheated advcl 5 at at ADP _ 7 cards case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cards det 7 cards card NOUN Number=Plur 4 peeking obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 cheated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cheat past He vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 peek gerund He not said here at the cards vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at card=Theme
Example 3 Nobody wants to play with a cheat.
nsubj mark xcomp case det obl punct root Nobody PRON wants VERB to PART play VERB with ADP a DET cheat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 2 wants nsubj 2 wants want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 play mark 4 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 wants xcomp 5 with with ADP _ 7 cheat case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 cheat det 7 cheat cheat NOUN Number=Sing 4 play obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 wants punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 want present Nobody vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 play not said to happen to-infinitive Nobody not said here with a cheat vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with cheat=Theme
Example 4 The shopkeeper cheated them out of their change.
det nsubj obj case case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET shopkeeper NOUN cheated VERB them PRON out ADP of ADP their PRON change NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shopkeeper det 2 shopkeeper shopkeeper NOUN Number=Sing 3 cheated nsubj 3 cheated cheat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 cheated obj 5 out out ADP _ 8 change case 6 of of ADP _ 8 change case 7 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 change nmod:poss 8 change change NOUN Number=Sing 3 cheated obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 cheated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cheat past the shopkeeper them = they their change vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Source 2 change their = they nom change «event intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 If you cheat, you only cheat yourself.
mark nsubj advcl punct nsubj advmod obj punct root If SCONJ you PRON cheat VERB , PUNCT you PRON only ADV cheat VERB yourself PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 cheat mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 cheat nsubj 3 cheat cheat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 cheat advcl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 cheat punct 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 cheat nsubj 6 only only ADV _ 7 cheat advmod 7 cheat cheat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 7 cheat obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 cheat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cheat a condition, not said to happen present you vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 cheat present you yourself vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Source
Example 6 She was caught cheating in the race.
nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl case det nmod punct root She PRON was AUX caught VERB cheating VERB in ADP the DET race NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 caught nsubj:pass 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 caught aux:pass 3 caught catch VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 cheating cheat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 caught advcl 5 in in ADP _ 7 race case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 race det 7 race race NOUN Number=Sing 4 cheating nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 caught punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 catch past · passive She vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 cheat gerund the race vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Cheating spoils the game for everyone.
nsubj det obj case obl punct root Cheating NOUN spoils VERB the DET game NOUN for ADP everyone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cheating cheating NOUN Number=Sing 2 spoils nsubj 2 spoils spoil VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 game det 4 game game NOUN Number=Sing 2 spoils obj 5 for for ADP _ 6 everyone case 6 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 2 spoils obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 spoils punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spoil present Cheating the game for everyone tree rules
Example 8 "You would not cheat the poor man, would you?"
punct nsubj aux advmod det amod obj punct advcl nsubj punct punct root " PUNCT You PRON would AUX not PART cheat VERB the DET poor ADJ man NOUN , PUNCT would AUX you PRON ? PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 cheat punct 2 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 cheat nsubj 3 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 cheat aux 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 cheat advmod 5 cheat cheat VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 man det 7 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 8 man amod 8 man man NOUN Number=Sing 5 cheat obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 would punct 10 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 cheat advcl 11 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 would nsubj 12 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 cheat punct 13 " " PUNCT _ 5 cheat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not cheat in a quote would You the poor man vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Source
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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