cheating Who acts: Cheating, game, I, Copying, She, Looking · What happens: act, win, get, break, rule, cheat · To what, where: advantage, rules, someone, them, something, partner · Speech: someone speaks here
«cheating» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cheating in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Cheating is acting dishonestly to win or get an advantage: breaking the rules of a game or test.
The tree, 18 words nsubj aux advmod mark advcl cc conj det obj punct conj det obj case det nmod cc conj punct root Cheating NOUN is AUX acting VERB dishonestly ADV to PART win VERB or CCONJ get VERB an DET advantage NOUN : PUNCT breaking VERB the DET rules NOUN of ADP a DET game NOUN or CCONJ test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cheating cheating NOUN Number=Sing 3 acting nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 acting aux 3 acting act VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 dishonestly dishonestly ADV _ 3 acting advmod 5 to to PART _ 6 win mark 6 win win VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 acting advcl 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 get cc 8 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 win conj 9 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 advantage det 10 advantage advantage NOUN Number=Sing 8 get obj 11 : : PUNCT _ 12 breaking punct 12 breaking break VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 acting conj 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 rules det 14 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 12 breaking obj 15 of of ADP _ 17 game case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 game det 17 game game NOUN Number=Sing 14 rules nmod 18 or or CCONJ _ 19 test cc 19 test test NOUN Number=Sing 17 game conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 3 acting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 act present · progressive Cheating dishonestly property vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 win to-infinitive Cheating not said here vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 get infinitive Cheating not said here a advantage vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer advantage=Stimulus 4 break gerund Cheating not said here the rules of a game or test vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient 5 rule a game or test nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Cheating someone is tricking them to take something from them.
csubj obj aux obj mark advcl obj case obl punct root Cheating VERB someone PRON is AUX tricking VERB them PRON to PART take VERB something PRON from ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cheating cheat VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 tricking csubj 2 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Cheating obj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 tricking aux 4 tricking trick VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 tricking obj 6 to to PART _ 7 take mark 7 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 tricking advcl 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 take obj 9 from from ADP _ 10 them case 10 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 take obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 tricking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cheat gerund someone vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Source 2 trick present · progressive Cheating them = they vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient 3 take to-infinitive Cheating not said here something from them = they vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent something=Theme from they=Initial_Location
Meaning 3 Cheating on a partner means being unfaithful.
csubj case det obl cop xcomp punct root Cheating VERB on ADP a DET partner NOUN means VERB being AUX unfaithful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cheating cheat VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 means csubj 2 on on ADP _ 4 partner case 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 partner det 4 partner partner NOUN Number=Sing 1 Cheating obl 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 unfaithful cop 7 unfaithful unfaithful ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cheat gerund a partner vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 mean present Cheating vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 3 is not said to happen gerund Cheating not said here unfaithful property tree rules
Example 1 No cheating — close your eyes while I hide!
det punct parataxis nmod:poss obj mark nsubj advcl punct root No DET cheating NOUN — PUNCT close VERB your PRON eyes NOUN while SCONJ I PRON hide VERB ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 No no DET PronType=Neg 2 cheating det 2 cheating cheating NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 — - PUNCT _ 4 close punct 4 close close VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 cheating parataxis 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 eyes nmod:poss 6 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 4 close obj 7 while while SCONJ _ 9 hide mark 8 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 hide nsubj 9 hide hide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 close advcl 10 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 cheating punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 close infinitive your eyes vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient 2 hide present I vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 Copying answers is cheating.
csubj obj aux punct root Copying VERB answers NOUN is AUX cheating VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Copying copy VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 cheating csubj 2 answers answer NOUN Number=Plur 1 Copying obj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 cheating aux 4 cheating cheat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 cheating punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 copy gerund answers vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme 2 cheat present · progressive Copying vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 3 He was caught cheating at cards.
nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl case obl punct root He PRON was AUX caught VERB cheating VERB at ADP cards NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 caught nsubj:pass 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 caught aux:pass 3 caught catch VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 cheating cheat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 caught advcl 5 at at ADP _ 6 cards case 6 cards card NOUN Number=Plur 4 cheating obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 caught punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 catch past · passive He vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 cheat gerund cards vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Cheating is unfair to the other players.
nsubj cop case det amod obl punct root Cheating NOUN is AUX unfair ADJ to ADP the DET other ADJ players NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cheating cheating NOUN Number=Sing 3 unfair nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 unfair cop 3 unfair unfair ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to ADP _ 7 players case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 players det 6 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 7 players amod 7 players player NOUN Number=Plur 3 unfair obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 unfair punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Cheating to the other players; unfair property tree rules
Example 5 She lost because she wouldn't cheat.
nsubj mark nsubj aux advmod advcl punct root She PRON lost VERB because SCONJ she PRON would AUX n't PART cheat VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 lost nsubj 2 lost lose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 because because SCONJ _ 7 cheat mark 4 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 cheat nsubj 5 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 cheat aux 6 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 7 cheat advmod 7 cheat cheat VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 lost advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 lost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose past She vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 not cheat would she vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Looking at someone's paper during a test is cheating.
csubj case nmod:poss case obl case det obl aux punct root Looking VERB at ADP someone PRON 's PART paper NOUN during ADP a DET test NOUN is AUX cheating VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Looking look VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 cheating csubj 2 at at ADP _ 5 paper case 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 paper nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 someone case 5 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 1 Looking obl 6 during during ADP _ 8 test case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 test det 8 test test NOUN Number=Sing 1 Looking obl 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 cheating aux 10 cheating cheat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 cheating punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look gerund during a test at someone's paper vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at paper=Theme 2 cheat present · progressive Looking vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 7 The shopkeeper was cheating customers.
det nsubj aux obj punct root The DET shopkeeper NOUN was AUX cheating VERB customers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shopkeeper det 2 shopkeeper shopkeeper NOUN Number=Sing 4 cheating nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 cheating aux 4 cheating cheat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 customers customer NOUN Number=Plur 4 cheating obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 cheating punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cheat past · progressive the shopkeeper customers vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent customer=Source
Example 8 Cheating at a game spoils it for everyone.
csubj case det obl obj case obl punct root Cheating VERB at ADP a DET game NOUN spoils VERB it PRON for ADP everyone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cheating cheat VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 spoils csubj 2 at at ADP _ 4 game case 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 game det 4 game game NOUN Number=Sing 1 Cheating obl 5 spoils spoil VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 spoils obj 7 for for ADP _ 8 everyone case 8 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 5 spoils obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 spoils punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cheat gerund a game vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 spoil present Cheating game for everyone tree rules
Example 9 "But, Uncle Remus," said the little boy, dolefully, "that was cheating."
The tree, 11 words punct cc punct compound nsubj punct punct det amod obj punct advmod punct punct nsubj aux advcl punct punct root " PUNCT But CCONJ , PUNCT Uncle PROPN Remus PROPN , PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB the DET little ADJ boy NOUN , PUNCT dolefully ADV , PUNCT " PUNCT that PRON was AUX cheating VERB . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 8 said punct 2 But but CCONJ _ 8 said cc 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 Remus punct 4 Uncle Uncle PROPN Number=Sing 5 Remus compound 5 Remus Remus PROPN Number=Sing 8 said nsubj 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 Remus punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 5 Remus punct 8 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 boy det 10 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 11 boy amod 11 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 8 said obj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 dolefully punct 13 dolefully dolefully ADV _ 8 said advmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 18 cheating punct 15 " " PUNCT _ 18 cheating punct 16 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 18 cheating nsubj 17 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 18 cheating aux 18 cheating cheat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 said advcl 19 . . PUNCT _ 8 said punct 20 " " PUNCT _ 8 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past Uncle Remus the little boy dolefully property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent boy=Topic 2 cheat in a quote past · progressive that vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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