chirp Who acts: chirp, We, crickets, she, phone, I · What happens: chirp, mean, make, be, say, hear · To what, where: short high sound, sound, something, bright cheerful voice, birds, crickets · Speech: someone speaks here
«chirp» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chirp in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To chirp means to make a short, high sound, like a small bird or a cricket.
The tree, 16 words mark csubj mark xcomp det amod punct amod obj punct case det amod obl cc det conj punct root To PART chirp VERB means VERB to PART make VERB a DET short ADJ , PUNCT high ADJ sound NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET small ADJ bird NOUN or CCONJ a DET cricket NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 chirp mark 2 chirp chirp VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 make mark 5 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 sound det 7 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 10 sound amod 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 short punct 9 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 10 sound amod 10 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 5 make obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 bird punct 12 like like ADP _ 15 bird case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 bird det 14 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 15 bird amod 15 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 5 make obl 16 or or CCONJ _ 18 cricket cc 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 cricket det 18 cricket cricket NOUN Number=Sing 15 bird conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chirp to-infinitive vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 make not said to happen to-infinitive a short high sound like a small bird or a cricket vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A chirp is that sound.
det nsubj cop det punct root A DET chirp NOUN is AUX that DET sound NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 chirp det 2 chirp chirp NOUN Number=Sing 5 sound nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 sound cop 4 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 sound det 5 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 sound punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a chirp that sound tree rules
Meaning 3 To chirp can mean to say something in a bright, cheerful voice.
mark nsubj aux mark xcomp obj case det amod punct amod obl punct root To PART chirp NOUN can AUX mean VERB to PART say VERB something PRON in ADP a DET bright ADJ , PUNCT cheerful ADJ voice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 chirp mark 2 chirp chirp NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 6 say mark 6 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean xcomp 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 say obj 8 in in ADP _ 13 voice case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 voice det 10 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 13 voice amod 11 , , PUNCT _ 10 bright punct 12 cheerful cheerful ADJ Degree=Pos 13 voice amod 13 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 6 say obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can chirp vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 say speech: assert not said to happen to-infinitive chirp not said here something a bright cheerful voice vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent something=Theme in voice=Manner
Example 1 The birds chirped in the morning.
det acl case det obl punct root The DET birds NOUN chirped VERB in ADP the DET morning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 birds det 2 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 chirped chirp VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 birds acl 4 in in ADP _ 6 morning case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 morning det 6 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 3 chirped obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 birds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chirp participle the birds not said here morning vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 We heard crickets chirping at night.
nsubj obj acl case obl punct root We PRON heard VERB crickets NOUN chirping VERB at ADP night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 heard nsubj 2 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 crickets cricket NOUN Number=Plur 2 heard obj 4 chirping chirp VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 crickets acl 5 at at ADP _ 6 night case 6 night night NOUN Number=Sing 4 chirping obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear past We crickets vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer cricket=Stimulus 2 chirp gerund crickets not said here night vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 The baby bird chirped for food.
det compound acl case obl punct root The DET baby NOUN bird NOUN chirped VERB for ADP food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 bird det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 bird compound 3 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 chirped chirp VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 bird acl 5 for for ADP _ 6 food case 6 food food NOUN Number=Sing 4 chirped obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 bird punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chirp participle the baby bird not said here for food vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for food=Recipient
Example 4 Good morning! she chirped.
amod obl:unmarked punct nsubj punct root Good ADJ morning NOUN ! PUNCT she PRON chirped VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Good good ADJ Degree=Pos 2 morning amod 2 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 5 chirped obl:unmarked 3 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 morning punct 4 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 chirped nsubj 5 chirped chirp VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 chirped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chirp past she morning vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 My phone chirps when I get a message.
nmod:poss nsubj advmod nsubj advcl det obj punct root My PRON phone NOUN chirps VERB when ADV I PRON get VERB a DET message NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 phone nmod:poss 2 phone phone NOUN Number=Sing 3 chirps nsubj 3 chirps chirp VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 get advmod 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 get nsubj 6 get get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 chirps advcl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 message det 8 message message NOUN Number=Sing 6 get obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 chirps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chirp present My phone vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 get present I a message vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer message=Stimulus
Example 6 Crickets chirp faster when it is warm.
nsubj advmod advmod nsubj cop advcl punct root Crickets NOUN chirp VERB faster ADV when ADV it PRON is AUX warm ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Crickets cricket NOUN Number=Plur 2 chirp nsubj 2 chirp chirp VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 faster fast ADV Degree=Cmp 2 chirp advmod 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 warm advmod 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 warm nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 warm cop 7 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 2 chirp advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 chirp punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chirp present Crickets fast property vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present it warm property tree rules
Example 7 "Peep, peep, pe--weep!" chirped the bird.
punct nsubj punct conj punct conj punct conj punct punct det obj punct root " PUNCT Peep NOUN , PUNCT peep NOUN , PUNCT pe NOUN -- PUNCT weep NOUN ! PUNCT " PUNCT chirped VERB the DET bird NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Peep punct 2 Peep peep NOUN Number=Sing 11 chirped nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 4 peep punct 4 peep peep NOUN Number=Sing 2 Peep conj 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 pe punct 6 pe pe NOUN Number=Sing 2 Peep conj 7 -- -- PUNCT _ 8 weep punct 8 weep weep NOUN Number=Sing 2 Peep conj 9 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Peep punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 2 Peep punct 11 chirped chirp VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 bird det 13 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 11 chirped obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 11 chirped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chirp past Peep and peep and pe and weep the bird vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent bird=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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