chirrup Who acts: chirrup, person, they, We, crickets, she · What happens: be, chirp, chirrup, talk, hear, crumble · To what, where: bright cheerful high voice, sound, sparrows, hedge, chirrup, baby bird
«chirrup» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chirrup in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To chirrup is to make a series of short, high sounds, like a bird or an insect; to chirp.
The tree, 19 words mark nsubj cop mark det obj case amod punct amod nmod punct case det nmod cc det conj punct mark conj punct root To PART chirrup NOUN is AUX to PART make VERB a DET series NOUN of ADP short ADJ , PUNCT high ADJ sounds NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET bird NOUN or CCONJ an DET insect NOUN ; PUNCT to PART chirp VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 chirrup mark 2 chirrup chirrup NOUN Number=Sing 5 make nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 make cop 4 to to PART _ 5 make mark 5 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 series det 7 series series NOUN Number=Sing 5 make obj 8 of of ADP _ 12 sounds case 9 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 12 sounds amod 10 , , PUNCT _ 9 short punct 11 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 12 sounds amod 12 sounds sound NOUN Number=Plur 7 series nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 bird punct 14 like like ADP _ 16 bird case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 bird det 16 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 12 sounds nmod 17 or or CCONJ _ 19 insect cc 18 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 insect det 19 insect insect NOUN Number=Sing 16 bird conj 20 ; ; PUNCT _ 22 chirp punct 21 to to PART _ 22 chirp mark 22 chirp chirp VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 make conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present chirrup make property tree rules 2 chirp to-infinitive chirrup not said here vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A person chirrups when they talk in a bright, cheerful, high voice.
The tree, 12 words det nsubj advmod nsubj ccomp case det amod punct amod punct amod obl punct root A DET person NOUN chirrups VERB when ADV they PRON talk VERB in ADP a DET bright ADJ , PUNCT cheerful ADJ , PUNCT high ADJ voice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing 3 chirrups nsubj 3 chirrups chirrup VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 talk advmod 5 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 talk nsubj 6 talk talk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 chirrups ccomp 7 in in ADP _ 14 voice case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 voice det 9 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 14 voice amod 10 , , PUNCT _ 9 bright punct 11 cheerful cheerful ADJ Degree=Pos 14 voice amod 12 , , PUNCT _ 11 cheerful punct 13 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 14 voice amod 14 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 6 talk obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 chirrups punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chirrup present a person tree rules 2 talk present they a bright cheerful high voice vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.
A chirrup is such a sound.
det nsubj cop det:predet det punct root A DET chirrup NOUN is AUX such DET a DET sound NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 chirrup det 2 chirrup chirrup NOUN Number=Sing 6 sound nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 sound cop 4 such such DET PronType=Ind 6 sound det:predet 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 sound det 6 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 sound punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a chirrup such sound tree rules
Example 1 The sparrows chirruped in the hedge.
det acl case det obl punct root The DET sparrows NOUN chirruped VERB in ADP the DET hedge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sparrows det 2 sparrows sparrow NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 chirruped chirrup VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 sparrows acl 4 in in ADP _ 6 hedge case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 hedge det 6 hedge hedge NOUN Number=Sing 3 chirruped obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 sparrows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chirrup participle the sparrows not said here the hedge vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 We heard the chirrup of crickets.
nsubj det obj case nmod punct root We PRON heard VERB the DET chirrup NOUN of ADP crickets NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 heard nsubj 2 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 chirrup det 4 chirrup chirrup NOUN Number=Sing 2 heard obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 crickets case 6 crickets cricket NOUN Number=Plur 4 chirrup nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear past We the chirrup of crickets vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer chirrup=Stimulus 2 chirrup crickets nom chirrup «event intransitive»: of=agent
Example 3 «Good morning!» she chirruped.
punct amod obl punct punct nsubj punct root « PUNCT Good ADJ morning NOUN ! PUNCT » PUNCT she PRON chirruped VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 morning punct 2 Good good ADJ Degree=Pos 3 morning amod 3 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 7 chirruped obl 4 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 morning punct 5 » » PUNCT _ 3 morning punct 6 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 chirruped nsubj 7 chirruped chirrup VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 chirruped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chirrup past she morning vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 The baby bird chirruped for food.
det compound acl case obl punct root The DET baby NOUN bird NOUN chirruped VERB for ADP food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 bird det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 bird compound 3 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 chirruped chirrup VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 bird acl 5 for for ADP _ 6 food case 6 food food NOUN Number=Sing 4 chirruped obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 bird punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chirrup participle the baby bird not said here for food vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 The grasshoppers chirruped in the long grass.
det nsubj case det amod obl punct root The DET grasshoppers NOUN chirruped VERB in ADP the DET long ADJ grass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 grasshoppers det 2 grasshoppers grasshopper NOUN Number=Plur 3 chirruped nsubj 3 chirruped chirrup VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 7 grass case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 grass det 6 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 grass amod 7 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 3 chirruped obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 chirruped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chirrup past the grasshoppers the long grass vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 A robin chirruped on the fence.
det acl case det obl punct root A DET robin NOUN chirruped VERB on ADP the DET fence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 robin det 2 robin robin NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 chirruped chirrup VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 robin acl 4 on on ADP _ 6 fence case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 fence det 6 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 3 chirruped obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 robin punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chirrup participle a robin not said here the fence vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Then the twins crumbled their bread on the ground, and the wrens pecked it, and chirruped and chirped.
The tree, 18 words advmod det nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct cc det nsubj conj obj punct cc conj cc conj punct root Then ADV the DET twins NOUN crumbled VERB their PRON bread NOUN on ADP the DET ground NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET wrens NOUN pecked VERB it PRON , PUNCT and CCONJ chirruped VERB and CCONJ chirped VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 4 crumbled advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 twins det 3 twins twin NOUN Number=Plur 4 crumbled nsubj 4 crumbled crumble VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 bread nmod:poss 6 bread bread NOUN Number=Sing 4 crumbled obj 7 on on ADP _ 9 ground case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 ground det 9 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 4 crumbled obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 pecked punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 14 pecked cc 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 wrens det 13 wrens wren NOUN Number=Plur 14 pecked nsubj 14 pecked peck VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 crumbled conj 15 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 pecked obj 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 chirruped punct 17 and and CCONJ _ 18 chirruped cc 18 chirruped chirrup VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 14 pecked conj 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 chirped cc 20 chirped chirp VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 18 chirruped conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 4 crumbled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 crumble past the twins twins's bread the ground then vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bread=Patient 2 peck past the wrens bread vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient 3 chirrup participle the wrens not said here vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 chirp participle the wrens not said here vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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