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chloroplast

Who acts: photosynthesis, Chloroplasts, Plant cells, animal cells, we, you · What happens: happen, use, make, give off, have, not do · To what, where: sunlight, food, water, oxygen, chloroplasts, green chlorophyll

«chloroplast» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chloroplast in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A tiny green part inside plant cells where photosynthesis happens: it uses sunlight to make food (sugar) from water and carbon dioxide, giving off oxygen.

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 part	det
2	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 part	amod
3	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 part	amod
4	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	inside	inside	ADP	_	7 cells	case
6	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cells	compound
7	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 part	nmod
8	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	10 happens	advmod
9	photosynthesis	photosynthesis	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 happens	nsubj
10	happens	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 cells	acl:relcl
11	:	:	PUNCT	_	13 uses	punct
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 uses	nsubj
13	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 part	conj
14	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 uses	obj
15	to	to	PART	_	16 make	mark
16	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 uses	advcl
17	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 make	obj
18	(	(	PUNCT	_	19 sugar	punct
19	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 food	conj
20	)	)	PUNCT	_	19 sugar	punct
21	from	from	ADP	_	22 water	case
22	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 make	obl
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 dioxide	cc
24	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 dioxide	compound
25	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 water	conj
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 giving	punct
27	giving	give	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 make	advcl
28	off	off	ADP	_	27 giving	compound:prt
29	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 giving	obj
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 part	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present	photosynthesis						vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	use	present	photosynthesis	sunlight					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sunlight=Patient
3	make	to-infinitive	photosynthesis not said here	food and sugar		water and carbon dioxide			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset food=Product from water=Material
4	give off	gerund	photosynthesis not said here	oxygen					vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source oxygen=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

Chloroplasts make food for the plant using sunlight.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chloroplasts	chloroplast	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 plant	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 plant	det
6	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obl
7	using	use	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 make	advcl
8	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 using	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Chloroplasts	food				for the plant	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent food=Material for plant=Beneficiary
2	use	gerund	Chloroplasts not said here	sunlight					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sunlight=Patient

Example 2

Plant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells do not.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cells	compound
2	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	chloroplasts	chloroplast	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 do	punct
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	9 do	cc
7	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cells	compound
8	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 do	nsubj
9	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 have	conj
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 do	advmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Plant cells	chloroplasts					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chloroplast=Patient
2	not do	present	animal cells						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 3

Chloroplasts contain green chlorophyll.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chloroplasts	chloroplast	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 contain	nsubj
2	contain	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 chlorophyll	amod
4	chlorophyll	chlorophyll	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 contain	obj
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 contain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contain	present	Chloroplasts	green chlorophyll					vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot chlorophyll=Theme

Example 4

Under the microscope, we saw green chloroplasts in the leaf cells.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Under	under	ADP	_	3 microscope	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 microscope	det
3	microscope	microscope	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 saw	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 microscope	punct
5	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 saw	nsubj
6	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 chloroplasts	amod
8	chloroplasts	chloroplast	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 saw	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	12 cells	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 cells	det
11	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 cells	compound
12	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 saw	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 saw	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	past	we	green chloroplasts		the microscope		in the leaf cells	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer chloroplast=Stimulus

Example 5

Photosynthesis happens inside the chloroplasts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Photosynthesis	photosynthesis	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 happens	nsubj
2	happens	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	inside	inside	ADP	_	5 chloroplasts	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 chloroplasts	det
5	chloroplasts	chloroplast	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 happens	obl
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 happens	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present	Photosynthesis			the chloroplasts			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme inside chloroplast=Location

Example 6

Label the chloroplast on your cell diagram.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Label	label	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 chloroplast	det
3	chloroplast	chloroplast	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Label	obj
4	on	on	ADP	_	7 diagram	case
5	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 diagram	nmod:poss
6	cell	cell	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 diagram	compound
7	diagram	diagram	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Label	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Label	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	label	imperative	you not said here	the chloroplast		your cell diagram			vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent chloroplast=Destination

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/chloroplast/