choirboy Who acts: boy, person, choirboys, cousin, voice, He · What happens: sing, wear, look, behave, say, be · To what, where: church, robes, choirboy, carols, cathedral, eight · Speech: someone speaks here
«choirboy» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: choirboy in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.
A boy who sings in a church or cathedral choir, usually wearing robes.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj acl:relcl case det obl cc compound conj punct advmod advcl obj punct root A DET boy NOUN who PRON sings VERB in ADP a DET church NOUN or CCONJ cathedral NOUN choir NOUN , PUNCT usually ADV wearing VERB robes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 boy det 2 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 sings nsubj 4 sings sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 boy acl:relcl 5 in in ADP _ 7 church case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 church det 7 church church NOUN Number=Sing 4 sings obl 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 choir cc 9 cathedral cathedral NOUN Number=Sing 10 choir compound 10 choir choir NOUN Number=Sing 7 church conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 wearing punct 12 usually usually ADV _ 13 wearing advmod 13 wearing wear VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 sings advcl 14 robes robe NOUN Number=Plur 13 wearing obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 boy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express present a boy a church or cathedral choir vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in church=Location 2 wear gerund a boy not said here robes usually property vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent robe=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
A person who looks very innocent and well-behaved, often said jokingly («he's no choirboy»).
The tree, 16 words det nsubj acl:relcl advmod xcomp cc advmod punct conj punct advmod conj advmod punct punct nsubj cop det appos punct punct punct root A DET person NOUN who PRON looks VERB very ADV innocent ADJ and CCONJ well ADV - PUNCT behaved VERB , PUNCT often ADV said VERB jokingly ADV ( PUNCT « PUNCT he PRON 's AUX no DET choirboy NOUN » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 looks nsubj 4 looks look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 person acl:relcl 5 very very ADV _ 6 innocent advmod 6 innocent innocent ADJ Degree=Pos 4 looks xcomp 7 and and CCONJ _ 10 behaved cc 8 well well ADV Degree=Pos 10 behaved advmod 9 - - PUNCT _ 8 well punct 10 behaved behave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 looks conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 said punct 12 often often ADV _ 13 said advmod 13 said say VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 behaved conj 14 jokingly jokingly ADV _ 13 said advmod 15 ( ( PUNCT _ 20 choirboy punct 16 « « PUNCT _ 20 choirboy punct 17 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 choirboy nsubj 18 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 choirboy cop 19 no no DET PronType=Neg 20 choirboy det 20 choirboy choirboy NOUN Number=Sing 2 person appos 21 » » PUNCT _ 20 choirboy punct 22 ) ) PUNCT _ 20 choirboy punct 23 . . PUNCT _ 2 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look present a person innocent property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 behave participle a person not said here well property vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent 3 say speech: assert participle a person not said here jokingly, often property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 4 is a in a quote present person no choirboy tree rules
Example 1 The choirboys sang carols at the cathedral on Christmas Eve.
det nsubj obj case det obl case compound obl root The DET choirboys NOUN sang VERB carols NOUN at ADP the DET cathedral NOUN on ADP Christmas PROPN Eve. PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 choirboys det 2 choirboys choirboy NOUN Number=Plur 3 sang nsubj 3 sang sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 carols carol NOUN Number=Plur 3 sang obj 5 at at ADP _ 7 cathedral case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cathedral det 7 cathedral cathedral NOUN Number=Sing 3 sang obl 8 on on ADP _ 10 Eve. case 9 Christmas Christmas PROPN Number=Sing 10 Eve. compound 10 Eve. Eve. PROPN Number=Sing 3 sang obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express past the choirboys carols the cathedral on Christmas Eve. vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location carol=Theme
Example 2 My cousin became a choirboy at eight and practises every week.
nmod:poss nsubj det xcomp case obl cc conj det obl:unmarked punct root My PRON cousin NOUN became VERB a DET choirboy NOUN at ADP eight NUM and CCONJ practises VERB every DET week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 cousin nmod:poss 2 cousin cousin NOUN Number=Sing 3 became nsubj 3 became become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 choirboy det 5 choirboy choirboy NOUN Number=Sing 3 became xcomp 6 at at ADP _ 7 eight case 7 eight eight NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 became obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 practises cc 9 practises practise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 became conj 10 every every DET PronType=Tot 11 week det 11 week week NOUN Number=Sing 9 practises obl:unmarked 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 became punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become past My cousin a choirboy eight vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 2 practise present My cousin not said here week tree rules
Example 3 The choirboy's voice rose high above the organ.
det nmod:poss case nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET choirboy NOUN 's PART voice NOUN rose VERB high ADV above ADP the DET organ NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 choirboy det 2 choirboy choirboy NOUN Number=Sing 4 voice nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 choirboy case 4 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 5 rose nsubj 5 rose rise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 high high ADV Degree=Pos 5 rose advmod 7 above above ADP _ 9 organ case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 organ det 9 organ organ NOUN Number=Sing 5 rose obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 rose punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rise past the choirboy's voice the organ high property vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above organ=Location
Example 4 Choirboys often wear white robes over red cassocks.
nsubj advmod amod obj case amod obl punct root Choirboys NOUN often ADV wear VERB white ADJ robes NOUN over ADP red ADJ cassocks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Choirboys choirboy NOUN Number=Plur 3 wear nsubj 2 often often ADV _ 3 wear advmod 3 wear wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 5 robes amod 5 robes robe NOUN Number=Plur 3 wear obj 6 over over ADP _ 8 cassocks case 7 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 8 cassocks amod 8 cassocks cassock NOUN Number=Plur 3 wear obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 wear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear present Choirboys white robes red cassocks often property vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent robe=Theme
Example 5 He may look like a choirboy, but he's the cheekiest kid in class.
The tree, 14 words nsubj aux case det obl punct cc nsubj cop det amod obl case nmod punct root He PRON may AUX look VERB like ADP a DET choirboy NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ he PRON 's AUX the DET cheekiest ADJ kid NOUN in ADP class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 look nsubj 2 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 look aux 3 look look VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 like like ADP _ 6 choirboy case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 choirboy det 6 choirboy choirboy NOUN Number=Sing 3 look obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 13 kid punct 8 but but CCONJ _ 13 kid cc 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 kid nsubj 10 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 kid cop 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 kid det 12 cheekiest cheeky ADJ Degree=Sup 13 kid amod 13 kid kid NOUN Number=Sing 3 look obl 14 in in ADP _ 15 class case 15 class class NOUN Number=Sing 13 kid nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look may He like a choirboy vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 2 is a present he the cheekiest kid class tree rules
Example 6 When his voice broke, he stopped being a choirboy.
advmod nmod:poss nsubj advcl punct nsubj cop det xcomp punct root When ADV his PRON voice NOUN broke VERB , PUNCT he PRON stopped VERB being AUX a DET choirboy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 4 broke advmod 2 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 voice nmod:poss 3 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 4 broke nsubj 4 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 stopped advcl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 broke punct 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 stopped nsubj 7 stopped stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 choirboy cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 choirboy det 10 choirboy choirboy NOUN Number=Sing 7 stopped xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 stopped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break past his voice vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 stop past voice vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 3 is a gerund voice not said here a choirboy tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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