choke Who acts: something, trouble, He, Small toys, you, grapes · What happens: choke, mean, be, breathe, have, choke up · To what, where: throat, trouble, sport, piece, choking hazard, grapes · Speech: someone speaks here
«choke» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: choke in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To choke means to be unable to breathe because something is stuck in your throat.
The tree, 15 words mark csubj mark cop ccomp mark xcomp mark nsubj cop advcl case nmod:poss obl punct root To PART choke VERB means VERB to PART be AUX unable ADJ to PART breathe VERB because SCONJ something PRON is AUX stuck ADJ in ADP your PRON throat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 choke mark 2 choke choke VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 6 unable mark 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 unable cop 6 unable unable ADJ Degree=Pos 3 means ccomp 7 to to PART _ 8 breathe mark 8 breathe breathe VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 unable xcomp 9 because because SCONJ _ 12 stuck mark 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 12 stuck nsubj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 stuck cop 12 stuck stuck ADJ Degree=Pos 8 breathe advcl 13 in in ADP _ 15 throat case 14 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 throat nmod:poss 15 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing 12 stuck obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 choke to-infinitive vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 3 is not said to happen to-infinitive unable property tree rules 4 breathe to-infinitive vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 is present something your throat stuck property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To choke can mean to have trouble breathing because of smoke or dust.
mark csubj aux mark xcomp obj acl case fixed obl cc conj punct root To PART choke VERB can AUX mean VERB to PART have VERB trouble NOUN breathing VERB because ADP of ADP smoke NOUN or CCONJ dust NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 choke mark 2 choke choke VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean csubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 6 have mark 6 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean xcomp 7 trouble trouble NOUN Number=Sing 6 have obj 8 breathing breathe VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 trouble acl 9 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 11 smoke case 10 of of ADP _ 9 because fixed 11 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 8 breathing obl 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 dust cc 13 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 11 smoke conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 choke to-infinitive vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 have not said to happen to-infinitive trouble vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trouble=Patient 4 breathe gerund trouble not said here because smoke or dust vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 To choke up means to have trouble speaking because of strong feelings.
mark nsubj compound:prt mark xcomp obj acl case fixed amod obl punct root To PART choke VERB up ADP means VERB to PART have VERB trouble NOUN speaking VERB because ADP of ADP strong ADJ feelings NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 choke mark 2 choke choke VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 means nsubj 3 up up ADP _ 2 choke compound:prt 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 have mark 6 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means xcomp 7 trouble trouble NOUN Number=Sing 6 have obj 8 speaking speak VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 trouble acl 9 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 12 feelings case 10 of of ADP _ 9 because fixed 11 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 12 feelings amod 12 feelings feeling NOUN Number=Plur 8 speaking obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 choke up to-infinitive vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 have not said to happen to-infinitive trouble vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trouble=Patient 4 speak speech: other gerund trouble not said here because strong feelings vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 To choke in sport means to fail at an important moment because of nerves.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj case obl mark xcomp case det amod obl case fixed obl punct root To PART choke VERB in ADP sport NOUN means VERB to PART fail VERB at ADP an DET important ADJ moment NOUN because ADP of ADP nerves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 choke mark 2 choke choke VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means csubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 sport case 4 sport sport NOUN Number=Sing 2 choke obl 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 7 fail mark 7 fail fail VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means xcomp 8 at at ADP _ 11 moment case 9 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 moment det 10 important important ADJ Degree=Pos 11 moment amod 11 moment moment NOUN Number=Sing 7 fail obl 12 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 14 nerves case 13 of of ADP _ 12 because fixed 14 nerves nerve NOUN Number=Plur 7 fail obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 choke to-infinitive sport vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 fail not said to happen to-infinitive moment because nerves vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 He choked on a piece of apple.
nsubj case det obl case nmod punct root He PRON choked VERB on ADP a DET piece NOUN of ADP apple NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 choked nsubj 2 choked choke VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 5 piece case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 piece det 5 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing 2 choked obl 6 of of ADP _ 7 apple case 7 apple apple NOUN Number=Sing 5 piece nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 choked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 choke past He a piece of apple vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Example 2 Small toys are a choking hazard for babies.
amod nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct root Small ADJ toys NOUN are AUX a DET choking VERB hazard NOUN for ADP babies NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Small small ADJ Degree=Pos 2 toys amod 2 toys toy NOUN Number=Plur 6 hazard nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 hazard cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 hazard det 5 choking choke VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 hazard amod 6 hazard hazard NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 for for ADP _ 8 babies case 8 babies baby NOUN Number=Plur 6 hazard nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 hazard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 choke gerund vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 is a present Small toys a choking hazard for babies tree rules
Example 3 Cut grapes in half for little children so they don't choke.
obj case obl case amod obl mark nsubj aux advmod advcl punct root Cut VERB grapes NOUN in ADP half NOUN for ADP little ADJ children NOUN so SCONJ they PRON do AUX n't PART choke VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cut cut VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 grapes grape NOUN Number=Plur 1 Cut obj 3 in in ADP _ 4 half case 4 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 1 Cut obl 5 for for ADP _ 7 children case 6 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 7 children amod 7 children child NOUN Number=Plur 1 Cut obl 8 so so SCONJ _ 12 choke mark 9 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 choke nsubj 10 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 choke aux 11 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 12 choke advmod 12 choke choke VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Cut advcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 1 Cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut imperative you not said here grapes half for little children vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent grape=Material for child=Beneficiary 2 not choke present · do-support grapes = grape vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Example 4 The smoke made us choke and cough.
det nsubj obj xcomp cc conj punct root The DET smoke NOUN made VERB us PRON choke VERB and CCONJ cough VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 smoke det 2 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 made obj 5 choke choke VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 made xcomp 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 cough cc 7 cough cough VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 choke conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the smoke us tree rules 2 choke infinitive us not said here vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 3 cough infinitive us not said here vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Don't run with food in your mouth; you could choke.
aux advmod case obl case nmod:poss obl punct nsubj aux conj punct root Do AUX n't PART run VERB with ADP food NOUN in ADP your PRON mouth NOUN ; PUNCT you PRON could AUX choke VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 run aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 run advmod 3 run run VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 with with ADP _ 5 food case 5 food food NOUN Number=Sing 3 run obl 6 in in ADP _ 8 mouth case 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 mouth nmod:poss 8 mouth mouth NOUN Number=Sing 3 run obl 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 12 choke punct 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 choke nsubj 11 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 choke aux 12 choke choke VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 run conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 run punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not run imperative · do-support you not said here your mouth with food vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mouth=Trajectory 2 choke could you vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Example 6 She choked back tears at the goodbye.
nsubj compound obj case det obl punct root She PRON choked VERB back NOUN tears NOUN at ADP the DET goodbye NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 choked nsubj 2 choked choke VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 back back NOUN Number=Sing 4 tears compound 4 tears tear NOUN Number=Plur 2 choked obj 5 at at ADP _ 7 goodbye case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 goodbye det 7 goodbye goodbye NOUN Number=Sing 2 choked obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 choked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 choke past She back tears the goodbye vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent tear=Destination
Example 7 If someone is choking and can't talk, get an adult fast.
mark nsubj aux cc aux advmod conj punct conj det obj advmod punct root If SCONJ someone PRON is AUX choking VERB and CCONJ ca AUX n't PART talk VERB , PUNCT get VERB an DET adult NOUN fast ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 choking mark 2 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 choking nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 choking aux 4 choking choke VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 8 talk cc 6 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 talk aux 7 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 8 talk advmod 8 talk talk VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 choking conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 get punct 10 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 talk conj 11 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 adult det 12 adult adult NOUN Number=Sing 10 get obj 13 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 10 get advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 talk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 choke present · progressive someone vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 not talk can someone not said here vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 get infinitive someone not said here a adult fast property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer adult=Stimulus
Example 8 The player choked and missed the penalty.
det nsubj cc conj det obj punct root The DET player NOUN choked VERB and CCONJ missed VERB the DET penalty NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 player det 2 player player NOUN Number=Sing 3 choked nsubj 3 choked choke VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 missed cc 5 missed miss VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 choked conj 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 penalty det 7 penalty penalty NOUN Number=Sing 5 missed obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 choked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 choke past the player vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 miss past the player not said here the penalty vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer penalty=Stimulus
Example 9 Iktomi almost choked to death before he could get it out.
nsubj advmod case obl mark nsubj aux advcl obj compound:prt punct root Iktomi PROPN almost ADV choked VERB to ADP death NOUN before SCONJ he PRON could AUX get VERB it PRON out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Iktomi Iktomi PROPN Number=Sing 3 choked nsubj 2 almost almost ADV _ 3 choked advmod 3 choked choke VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to ADP _ 5 death case 5 death death NOUN Number=Sing 3 choked obl 6 before before SCONJ _ 9 get mark 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 get nsubj 8 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 get aux 9 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 choked advcl 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 get obj 11 out out ADP _ 9 get compound:prt 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 choked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 choke past Iktomi to death result ; almost property vn suffocate-40.7 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient to death=Result 2 get out could Iktomi death tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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