chromosome Who acts: chromosome, DNA, living thing, Humans, 23 pairs, Chromosomes · What happens: be, make, carry, grow, work, have · To what, where: tiny like structure, centre, instructions, 46 chromosomes, cell, nucleus
«chromosome» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chromosome in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A chromosome is a tiny thread-like structure inside the centre (nucleus) of a living cell, made of DNA, which carries the instructions (genes) for how a living thing grows and works.
The tree, 32 words det nsubj cop det amod compound punct amod case det nmod punct appos punct case det compound nmod punct acl case obl punct nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct appos punct mark advmod det amod nsubj advcl cc conj punct root A DET chromosome NOUN is AUX a DET tiny ADJ thread NOUN - PUNCT like ADJ structure NOUN inside ADP the DET centre NOUN ( PUNCT nucleus NOUN ) PUNCT of ADP a DET living NOUN cell NOUN , PUNCT made VERB of ADP DNA NOUN , PUNCT which PRON carries VERB the DET instructions NOUN ( PUNCT genes NOUN ) PUNCT for SCONJ how ADV a DET living ADJ thing NOUN grows VERB and CCONJ works VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 chromosome det 2 chromosome chromosome NOUN Number=Sing 9 structure nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 structure cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 structure det 5 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 9 structure amod 6 thread thread NOUN Number=Sing 8 like compound 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 thread punct 8 like like ADJ Degree=Pos 9 structure amod 9 structure structure NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 inside inside ADP _ 12 centre case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 centre det 12 centre centre NOUN Number=Sing 9 structure nmod 13 ( ( PUNCT _ 14 nucleus punct 14 nucleus nucleus NOUN Number=Sing 12 centre appos 15 ) ) PUNCT _ 14 nucleus punct 16 of of ADP _ 19 cell case 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 cell det 18 living living NOUN Number=Sing 19 cell compound 19 cell cell NOUN Number=Sing 12 centre nmod 20 , , PUNCT _ 21 made punct 21 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 structure acl 22 of of ADP _ 23 DNA case 23 DNA DNA NOUN Number=Sing 21 made obl 24 , , PUNCT _ 26 carries punct 25 which which PRON PronType=Rel 26 carries nsubj 26 carries carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 23 DNA acl:relcl 27 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 instructions det 28 instructions instruction NOUN Number=Plur 26 carries obj 29 ( ( PUNCT _ 30 genes punct 30 genes gene NOUN Number=Plur 28 instructions appos 31 ) ) PUNCT _ 30 genes punct 32 for for SCONJ _ 37 grows mark 33 how how ADV PronType=Int 37 grows advmod 34 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 36 thing det 35 living living ADJ Degree=Pos 36 thing amod 36 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 37 grows nsubj 37 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 26 carries advcl 38 and and CCONJ _ 39 works cc 39 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 37 grows conj 40 . . PUNCT _ 9 structure punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a chromosome a tiny like structure the centre of a living cell tree rules 2 make participle a tiny like structure not said here of DNA vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 3 carry present DNA the instructions vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instruction=Theme 4 grow present a living thing vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 work present a living thing not said here vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Humans usually have 46 chromosomes in each cell, in 23 pairs: one of each pair comes from the mother and one from the father.
The tree, 24 words nsubj advmod nummod obj case det obl punct case nummod nsubj punct appos case det nmod parataxis case det obl cc conj case det nmod punct root Humans NOUN usually ADV have VERB 46 NUM chromosomes NOUN in ADP each DET cell NOUN , PUNCT in ADP 23 NUM pairs NOUN : PUNCT one NUM of ADP each DET pair NOUN comes VERB from ADP the DET mother NOUN and CCONJ one NUM from ADP the DET father NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Humans human NOUN Number=Plur 3 have nsubj 2 usually usually ADV _ 3 have advmod 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 46 46 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 chromosomes nummod 5 chromosomes chromosome NOUN Number=Plur 3 have obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 cell case 7 each each DET PronType=Tot 8 cell det 8 cell cell NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 pairs punct 10 in in ADP _ 12 pairs case 11 23 23 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 12 pairs nummod 12 pairs pair NOUN Number=Plur 18 comes nsubj 13 : : PUNCT _ 14 one punct 14 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 12 pairs appos 15 of of ADP _ 17 pair case 16 each each DET PronType=Tot 17 pair det 17 pair pair NOUN Number=Sing 14 one nmod 18 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 have parataxis 19 from from ADP _ 21 mother case 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 mother det 21 mother mother NOUN Number=Sing 18 comes obl 22 and and CCONJ _ 23 one cc 23 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 21 mother conj 24 from from ADP _ 26 father case 25 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 26 father det 26 father father NOUN Number=Sing 23 one nmod 27 . . PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Humans 46 chromosomes each cell usually property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chromosome=Patient 2 come present 23 pairs from the mother vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from mother=Initial_Location
Example 1 Chromosomes are inside the nucleus of a cell.
nsubj cop case det case det nmod punct root Chromosomes NOUN are AUX inside ADP the DET nucleus NOUN of ADP a DET cell NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Chromosomes chromosome NOUN Number=Plur 5 nucleus nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 nucleus cop 3 inside inside ADP _ 5 nucleus case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 nucleus det 5 nucleus nucleus NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 cell case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 cell det 8 cell cell NOUN Number=Sing 5 nucleus nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 nucleus punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Chromosomes the nucleus of a cell tree rules
Example 2 People usually have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
nsubj advmod nummod obj case nmod punct root People NOUN usually ADV have VERB 23 NUM pairs NOUN of ADP chromosomes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 3 have nsubj 2 usually usually ADV _ 3 have advmod 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 23 23 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 pairs nummod 5 pairs pair NOUN Number=Plur 3 have obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 chromosomes case 7 chromosomes chromosome NOUN Number=Plur 5 pairs nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present People 23 pairs of chromosomes usually property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pair=Patient
Example 3 Each chromosome carries many genes.
det nsubj amod obj punct root Each DET chromosome NOUN carries VERB many ADJ genes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 chromosome det 2 chromosome chromosome NOUN Number=Sing 3 carries nsubj 3 carries carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 5 genes amod 5 genes gene NOUN Number=Plur 3 carries obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 carries punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry present each chromosome many genes vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gene=Theme
Example 4 You get half your chromosomes from each parent.
nsubj det:predet nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root You PRON get VERB half DET your PRON chromosomes NOUN from ADP each DET parent NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 get nsubj 2 get get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 half half DET NumForm=Word NumType=Frac PronType=Ind 5 chromosomes det:predet 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 chromosomes nmod:poss 5 chromosomes chromosome NOUN Number=Plur 2 get obj 6 from from ADP _ 8 parent case 7 each each DET PronType=Tot 8 parent det 8 parent parent NOUN Number=Sing 2 get obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get present You your chromosomes from each parent vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent chromosome=Theme from parent=Source
Example 5 People with Down syndrome have an extra copy of chromosome 21.
nsubj case compound nmod det amod obj case nmod flat punct root People NOUN with ADP Down PROPN syndrome NOUN have VERB an DET extra ADJ copy NOUN of ADP chromosome NOUN 21 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 5 have nsubj 2 with with ADP _ 4 syndrome case 3 Down Down PROPN Number=Sing 4 syndrome compound 4 syndrome syndrome NOUN Number=Sing 1 People nmod 5 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 copy det 7 extra extra ADJ Degree=Pos 8 copy amod 8 copy copy NOUN Number=Sing 5 have obj 9 of of ADP _ 10 chromosome case 10 chromosome chromosome NOUN Number=Sing 8 copy nmod 11 21 21 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 10 chromosome flat 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present People with Down syndrome a extra copy of chromosome vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent copy=Patient 2 copy chromosome nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 6 We looked at a picture of chromosomes under a microscope.
nsubj case det obl case nmod case det nmod punct root We PRON looked VERB at ADP a DET picture NOUN of ADP chromosomes NOUN under ADP a DET microscope NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 looked nsubj 2 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 5 picture case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 picture det 5 picture picture NOUN Number=Sing 2 looked obl 6 of of ADP _ 7 chromosomes case 7 chromosomes chromosome NOUN Number=Plur 5 picture nmod 8 under under ADP _ 10 microscope case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 microscope det 10 microscope microscope NOUN Number=Sing 7 chromosomes nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past We at a picture of chromosomes under a microscope vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at picture=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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