chuckle Who acts: something, Grandpa, She, he, We, Hah · What happens: laugh, close, be, chuckle, joke, give · To what, where: mouth, own joke, little chuckle, comic, audience, funny line · Speech: someone speaks here
«chuckle» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chuckle in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To laugh quietly, often with your mouth closed, because something is amusing.
The tree, 12 words mark advmod punct advmod case nmod:poss obl acl punct mark nsubj cop parataxis punct root To PART laugh VERB quietly ADV , PUNCT often ADV with ADP your PRON mouth NOUN closed VERB , PUNCT because SCONJ something PRON is AUX amusing ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 laugh mark 2 laugh laugh VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 quietly quietly ADV _ 2 laugh advmod 4 , , PUNCT _ 8 mouth punct 5 often often ADV _ 8 mouth advmod 6 with with ADP _ 8 mouth case 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 mouth nmod:poss 8 mouth mouth NOUN Number=Sing 2 laugh obl 9 closed close VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 mouth acl 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 amusing punct 11 because because SCONJ _ 14 amusing mark 12 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 14 amusing nsubj 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 amusing cop 14 amusing amusing ADJ Degree=Pos 2 laugh parataxis 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 laugh punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 laugh to-infinitive with your mouth; quietly property vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 close participle your mouth not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 is present something amusing property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A soft, quiet laugh.
det amod punct amod punct root A DET soft ADJ , PUNCT quiet ADJ laugh NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 laugh det 2 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 5 laugh amod 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 soft punct 4 quiet quiet ADJ Degree=Pos 5 laugh amod 5 laugh laugh NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 laugh punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 1 Grandpa chuckled at his own joke.
nsubj case nmod:poss amod obl punct root Grandpa PROPN chuckled VERB at ADP his PRON own ADJ joke NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 2 chuckled nsubj 2 chuckled chuckle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 6 joke case 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 joke nmod:poss 5 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 6 joke amod 6 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing 2 chuckled obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 chuckled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chuckle past Grandpa Grandpa's own joke vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 joke Grandpa nom joke «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 She gave a little chuckle as she read the comic.
nsubj det amod obj mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root She PRON gave VERB a DET little ADJ chuckle NOUN as SCONJ she PRON read VERB the DET comic NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 chuckle det 4 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 5 chuckle amod 5 chuckle chuckle NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obj 6 as as SCONJ _ 8 read mark 7 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 read nsubj 8 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 gave advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 comic det 10 comic comic NOUN Number=Sing 8 read obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past She a little chuckle vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chuckle=Theme 2 read past she the comic vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent comic=Topic
Example 3 The audience chuckled at the funny line.
det acl case det amod obl punct root The DET audience NOUN chuckled VERB at ADP the DET funny ADJ line NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 audience det 2 audience audience NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 chuckled chuckle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 audience acl 4 at at ADP _ 7 line case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 line det 6 funny funny ADJ Degree=Pos 7 line amod 7 line line NOUN Number=Sing 3 chuckled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 audience punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chuckle participle the audience not said here the funny line vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 «Very clever,» he chuckled.
punct advmod punct punct nsubj acl:relcl punct root « PUNCT Very ADV clever ADJ , PUNCT » PUNCT he PRON chuckled VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 clever punct 2 Very very ADV _ 3 clever advmod 3 clever clever ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 clever punct 5 » » PUNCT _ 3 clever punct 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 chuckled nsubj 7 chuckled chuckle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 clever acl:relcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 clever punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chuckle past he vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 We had a good chuckle about the muddy football match.
nsubj det amod obj case det amod compound nmod punct root We PRON had VERB a DET good ADJ chuckle NOUN about ADP the DET muddy ADJ football NOUN match NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 chuckle det 4 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 5 chuckle amod 5 chuckle chuckle NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 6 about about ADP _ 10 match case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 match det 8 muddy muddy ADJ Degree=Pos 10 match amod 9 football football NOUN Number=Sing 10 match compound 10 match match NOUN Number=Sing 5 chuckle nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past We a good chuckle about the muddy football match vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chuckle=Patient
Example 6 The sly fox chuckled to himself.
det amod acl case obl punct root The DET sly ADJ fox NOUN chuckled VERB to ADP himself PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 fox det 2 sly sly ADJ Degree=Pos 3 fox amod 3 fox fox NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 chuckled chuckle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 fox acl 5 to to ADP _ 6 himself case 6 himself himself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 4 chuckled obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 fox punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 chuckle participle the sly fox not said here fox vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to himself=Recipient
Example 7 “Hah!” said Kaa with a chuckle, “he has friends everywhere, this manling.
The tree, 12 words punct nsubj punct punct nsubj case det obl punct punct nsubj parataxis obj advmod punct det conj punct root “ PUNCT Hah PROPN ! PUNCT ” PUNCT said VERB Kaa PROPN with ADP a DET chuckle NOUN , PUNCT “ PUNCT he PRON has VERB friends NOUN everywhere ADV , PUNCT this DET manling NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 2 Hah punct 2 Hah Hah PROPN Number=Sing 5 said nsubj 3 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Hah punct 4 ” " PUNCT _ 2 Hah punct 5 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 Kaa Kaa PROPN Number=Sing 5 said nsubj 7 with with ADP _ 9 chuckle case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 chuckle det 9 chuckle chuckle NOUN Number=Sing 5 said obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 has punct 11 “ " PUNCT _ 13 has punct 12 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 has nsubj 13 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 said parataxis 14 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 13 has obj 15 everywhere everywhere ADV PronType=Tot 13 has advmod 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 manling punct 17 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 18 manling det 18 manling manling NOUN Number=Sing 13 has conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past Hah with a chuckle vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 have in a quote present Kaa friends everywhere property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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