chuff

Who acts: verb, Bottom, mild swear words, little steam train, Chuff, I · What happens: make, chuff, be, flip, chuff up, go · To what, where: puffing sound, me, mild swear words, hill, engine, Mum · Speech: someone speaks here

«chuff» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: chuff in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

verb To make the puffing sound of a steam train: chuff-chuff.

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 make	nsubj
2	To	to	PART	_	3 make	mark
3	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sound	det
5	puffing	puffing	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sound	compound
6	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 make	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 train	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 train	det
9	steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 train	compound
10	train	train	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sound	nmod
11	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 chuff	punct
12	chuff	chuff	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 chuff	amod
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 chuff	punct
14	chuff	chuff	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 make	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	to-infinitive	verb	the puffing sound of a steam train				chuff chuff obl	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

chuffed (UK, informal): very pleased.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	chuffed	chuff	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 UK	punct
3	UK	UK	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 chuffed	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 informal	punct
5	informal	informal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 UK	conj
6	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 UK	punct
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 pleased	punct
8	very	very	ADV	_	9 pleased	advmod
9	pleased	pleased	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 chuffed	conj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 chuffed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chuff	participle							tree rules

Meaning 3

Usage: UK, rude slang — kept apart, not parsed.

Bottom; «chuffing» and «chuff me» are mild swear words like «flipping».

The tree, 11 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 words	nsubj
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	4 chuffing	punct
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 chuffing	punct
4	chuffing	chuff	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Bottom	appos
5	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 chuffing	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 chuff	cc
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 chuff	punct
8	chuff	chuff	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 chuffing	conj
9	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 chuff	obj
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 chuff	punct
11	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 words	cop
12	mild	mild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 words	amod
13	swear	swear	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 words	compound
14	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
15	like	like	SCONJ	_	17 flipping	mark
16	«	«	PUNCT	_	17 flipping	punct
17	flipping	flip	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 words	acl
18	»	»	PUNCT	_	17 flipping	punct
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 words	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	chuff in a quote	gerund			tree rules
2	chuff in a quote	infinitive		me	tree rules
3	is a	present	Bottom	mild swear words	tree rules
4	flip in a quote	gerund	mild swear words not said here		vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Example 1

The little steam train chuffed up the hill.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 train	det
2	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 train	amod
3	steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 train	compound
4	train	train	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	chuffed	chuff	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 train	acl
6	up	up	ADP	_	5 chuffed	compound:prt
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 hill	det
8	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 chuffed	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 train	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chuff up	participle	the little steam train not said here	the hill					tree rules

Example 2

Chuff, chuff, chuff went the engine.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chuff	chuff	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 went	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 chuff	punct
3	chuff	chuff	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Chuff	conj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 chuff	punct
5	chuff	chuff	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Chuff	conj
6	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 engine	det
8	engine	engine	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 went	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 went	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	past	Chuff	the engine					vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location engine=Theme

Example 3

I'm well chuffed with my new bike. (UK)

Sentence 1: I'm well chuffed with my new bike.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 chuffed	nsubj
2	'm	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 chuffed	aux
3	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	4 chuffed	advmod
4	chuffed	chuff	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 bike	case
6	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 bike	nmod:poss
7	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 bike	amod
8	bike	bike	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 chuffed	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 chuffed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chuff	present · passive	I					with my new bike; well property	tree rules

Sentence 2: (UK)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 UK	punct
2	UK	UK	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 UK	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 4

Mum was chuffed to bits with her present.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 chuffed	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 chuffed	aux:pass
3	chuffed	chuff	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 bits	case
5	bits	bit	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 chuffed	obl
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 present	case
7	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 present	nmod:poss
8	present	present	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bits	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 chuffed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chuff	past · passive		Mum				to bits with Mum's present	tree rules

Example 5

«Chuffing heck, it's raining again!» said Uncle Dave. (rude)

Sentence 1: «Chuffing heck, it's raining again!» said Uncle Dave.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Chuffing	punct
2	Chuffing	chuff	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 said	ccomp
3	heck	heck	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Chuffing	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 raining	punct
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 raining	nsubj
6	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 raining	aux
7	raining	rain	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 Chuffing	conj
8	again	again	ADV	_	7 raining	advmod
9	!	!	PUNCT	_	7 raining	punct
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Chuffing	punct
11	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	Uncle	Uncle	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Dave	compound
13	Dave	Dave	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 said	nsubj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	chuff in a quote	gerund		heck		tree rules
2	rain in a quote	present · progressive	it		again	vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
3	say speech: express	past	Uncle Dave			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic

Sentence 2: (rude)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 rude	punct
2	rude	rude	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 rude	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 6

The kettle chuffed out steam.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 kettle	det
2	kettle	kettle	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 steam	nsubj
3	chuffed	chuff	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 steam	amod
4	out	out	ADP	_	3 chuffed	compound:prt
5	steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 steam	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chuff out	participle							tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/chuff/