cinchona Who acts: cinchona, bark, Cinchona bark, Quinine, cinchona tree, People · What happens: be, contain, dry, use, treat, come · To what, where: tree, Andes mountains, quinine, dried bark, malaria, cinchona bark
«cinchona» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cinchona in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A cinchona is a tree or shrub from the Andes mountains of South America whose bark contains quinine.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det cc conj case det compound nmod case compound nmod nmod:poss nsubj parataxis obj punct root A DET cinchona NOUN is AUX a DET tree NOUN or CCONJ shrub NOUN from ADP the DET Andes PROPN mountains NOUN of ADP South PROPN America PROPN whose PRON bark NOUN contains VERB quinine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cinchona det 2 cinchona cinchona NOUN Number=Sing 5 tree nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 tree cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 tree det 5 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 shrub cc 7 shrub shrub NOUN Number=Sing 5 tree conj 8 from from ADP _ 11 mountains case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 mountains det 10 Andes Ande PROPN Number=Plur 11 mountains compound 11 mountains mountain NOUN Number=Plur 5 tree nmod 12 of of ADP _ 14 America case 13 South South PROPN Number=Sing 14 America compound 14 America America PROPN Number=Sing 11 mountains nmod 15 whose whose PRON Poss=Yes PronType=Rel 16 bark nmod:poss 16 bark bark NOUN Number=Sing 17 contains nsubj 17 contains contain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 tree parataxis 18 quinine quinine NOUN Number=Sing 17 contains obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 tree punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a cinchona a tree or shrub the Andes mountains of South America tree rules 2 contain present bark quinine vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot quinine=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Cinchona bark is the dried bark of this tree, used for centuries to treat malaria.
The tree, 15 words compound nsubj cop det amod case det nmod punct conj case obl mark advcl obj punct root Cinchona NOUN bark NOUN is AUX the DET dried VERB bark NOUN of ADP this DET tree NOUN , PUNCT used VERB for ADP centuries NOUN to PART treat VERB malaria NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cinchona cinchona NOUN Number=Sing 2 bark compound 2 bark bark NOUN Number=Sing 6 bark nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 bark cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bark det 5 dried dry VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 bark amod 6 bark bark NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 tree case 8 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 9 tree det 9 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 6 bark nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 used punct 11 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 bark conj 12 for for ADP _ 13 centuries case 13 centuries century NOUN Number=Plur 11 used obl 14 to to PART _ 15 treat mark 15 treat treat VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 used advcl 16 malaria malaria NOUN Number=Sing 15 treat obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 bark punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dry participle vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 is a present Cinchona bark the dried bark of this tree tree rules 3 use participle Cinchona bark not said here century vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 treat to-infinitive Cinchona bark not said here malaria vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent malaria=Recipient
Example 1 Quinine, a medicine for malaria, comes from cinchona bark.
nsubj punct det appos case nmod punct case compound obl punct root Quinine PROPN , PUNCT a DET medicine NOUN for ADP malaria NOUN , PUNCT comes VERB from ADP cinchona NOUN bark NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Quinine Quinine PROPN Number=Sing 8 comes nsubj 2 , , PUNCT _ 4 medicine punct 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 medicine det 4 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing 1 Quinine appos 5 for for ADP _ 6 malaria case 6 malaria malaria NOUN Number=Sing 4 medicine nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 1 Quinine punct 8 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 from from ADP _ 11 bark case 10 cinchona cinchona NOUN Number=Sing 11 bark compound 11 bark bark NOUN Number=Sing 8 comes obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 comes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present Quinine cinchona bark vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from bark=Initial_Location
Example 2 The cinchona tree grows in the Andes mountains.
det compound nsubj case det compound obl punct root The DET cinchona NOUN tree NOUN grows VERB in ADP the DET Andes PROPN mountains NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 tree det 2 cinchona cinchona NOUN Number=Sing 3 tree compound 3 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 4 grows nsubj 4 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 in in ADP _ 8 mountains case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 mountains det 7 Andes Ande PROPN Number=Plur 8 mountains compound 8 mountains mountain NOUN Number=Plur 4 grows obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 grows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present the cinchona tree the Andes mountains vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mountain=Location
Example 3 People in Peru used cinchona bark long before Europeans arrived.
nsubj case nmod compound obj advmod mark nsubj advcl punct root People NOUN in ADP Peru PROPN used VERB cinchona NOUN bark NOUN long ADV before SCONJ Europeans PROPN arrived VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 4 used nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 3 Peru case 3 Peru Peru PROPN Number=Sing 1 People nmod 4 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 cinchona cinchona NOUN Number=Sing 6 bark compound 6 bark bark NOUN Number=Sing 4 used obj 7 long long ADV Degree=Pos 4 used advmod 8 before before SCONJ _ 10 arrived mark 9 Europeans European PROPN Number=Plur 10 arrived nsubj 10 arrived arrive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 used advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past People in Peru cinchona bark long property vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bark=Patient 2 arrive past Europeans vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Tonic water tastes bitter because of quinine from cinchona.
amod nsubj xcomp case fixed obl case obl punct root Tonic ADJ water NOUN tastes VERB bitter ADJ because ADP of ADP quinine NOUN from ADP cinchona NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tonic tonic ADJ Degree=Pos 2 water amod 2 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 tastes nsubj 3 tastes taste VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 bitter bitter ADJ Degree=Pos 3 tastes xcomp 5 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 7 quinine case 6 of of ADP _ 5 because fixed 7 quinine quinine NOUN Number=Sing 3 tastes obl 8 from from ADP _ 9 cinchona case 9 cinchona cinchona NOUN Number=Sing 3 tastes obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 tastes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 taste present Tonic water cinchona because quinine; bitter property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 5 The cinchona tree is shown on Peru's coat of arms.
det compound nsubj:pass aux:pass case nmod:poss case obl case nmod punct root The DET cinchona NOUN tree NOUN is AUX shown VERB on ADP Peru PROPN 's PART coat NOUN of ADP arms NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 tree det 2 cinchona cinchona NOUN Number=Sing 3 tree compound 3 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 5 shown nsubj:pass 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 shown aux:pass 5 shown show VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 on on ADP _ 9 coat case 7 Peru Peru PROPN Number=Sing 9 coat nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 Peru case 9 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 5 shown obl 10 of of ADP _ 11 arms case 11 arms arm NOUN Number=Plur 9 coat nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 shown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present · passive the cinchona tree Peru's coat of arms vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 6 Explorers smuggled cinchona seeds to grow the tree in Asia.
nsubj compound obj mark advcl det obj case obl punct root Explorers NOUN smuggled VERB cinchona NOUN seeds NOUN to PART grow VERB the DET tree NOUN in ADP Asia PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Explorers explorer NOUN Number=Plur 2 smuggled nsubj 2 smuggled smuggle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 cinchona cinchona NOUN Number=Sing 4 seeds compound 4 seeds seed NOUN Number=Plur 2 smuggled obj 5 to to PART _ 6 grow mark 6 grow grow VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 smuggled advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 tree det 8 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 6 grow obj 9 in in ADP _ 10 Asia case 10 Asia Asia PROPN Number=Sing 6 grow obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 smuggled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 smuggle past Explorers cinchona seeds vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seed=Theme 2 grow to-infinitive Explorers not said here the tree Asia vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tree=Theme
Example 7 Cinchona bark helped save many lives from malaria.
compound nsubj xcomp amod obj case obl punct root Cinchona NOUN bark NOUN helped VERB save VERB many ADJ lives NOUN from ADP malaria NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cinchona cinchona NOUN Number=Sing 2 bark compound 2 bark bark NOUN Number=Sing 3 helped nsubj 3 helped help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 save save VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 helped xcomp 5 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 6 lives amod 6 lives life NOUN Number=Plur 4 save obj 7 from from ADP _ 8 malaria case 8 malaria malaria NOUN Number=Sing 4 save obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 helped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help past Cinchona bark vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 save infinitive Cinchona bark not said here many lives malaria vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent life=Theme from malaria=Source
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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