clam Who acts: clam, you, We, Clams, tide, giant clam · What happens: be, join, live, bury, eat, clam up · To what, where: sea, two hard shells, sand, Clams, empty clam shell, beach · Speech: someone speaks here
«clam» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: clam in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A clam is a sea or river animal with a soft body inside two hard shells joined by a hinge; it lives buried in sand or mud.
The tree, 27 words det nsubj cop det cc compound conj case det amod nmod advmod nummod amod nmod acl case det obl punct nsubj conj xcomp case obl cc conj punct root A DET clam NOUN is AUX a DET sea NOUN or CCONJ river NOUN animal NOUN with ADP a DET soft ADJ body NOUN inside ADV two NUM hard ADJ shells NOUN joined VERB by ADP a DET hinge NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON lives VERB buried VERB in ADP sand NOUN or CCONJ mud NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 clam det 2 clam clam NOUN Number=Sing 5 sea nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 sea cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 sea det 5 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 animal cc 7 river river NOUN Number=Sing 8 animal compound 8 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 5 sea conj 9 with with ADP _ 12 body case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 body det 11 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 12 body amod 12 body body NOUN Number=Sing 8 animal nmod 13 inside inside ADV _ 16 shells advmod 14 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 16 shells nummod 15 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 16 shells amod 16 shells shell NOUN Number=Plur 12 body nmod 17 joined join VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 shells acl 18 by by ADP _ 20 hinge case 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 hinge det 20 hinge hinge NOUN Number=Sing 17 joined obl 21 ; ; PUNCT _ 23 lives punct 22 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 lives nsubj 23 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 sea conj 24 buried bury VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 23 lives xcomp 25 in in ADP _ 26 sand case 26 sand sand NOUN Number=Sing 24 buried obl 27 or or CCONJ _ 28 mud cc 28 mud mud NOUN Number=Sing 26 sand conj 29 . . PUNCT _ 5 sea punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a clam a sea or river animal with a soft body two hard shells tree rules 2 join participle two hard shells not said here by a hinge vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 3 live present clam tree rules 4 bury participle clam not said here sand or mud vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in sand=Destination
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Clams are also eaten as seafood.
nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod case obl punct root Clams NOUN are AUX also ADV eaten VERB as ADP seafood NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Clams clam NOUN Number=Plur 4 eaten nsubj:pass 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 eaten aux:pass 3 also also ADV _ 4 eaten advmod 4 eaten eat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 as as ADP _ 6 seafood case 6 seafood seafood NOUN Number=Sing 4 eaten obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 eaten punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present · passive Clams as seafood vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Meaning 3 To clam up means to suddenly stop talking, often because you are nervous or do not want to tell.
The tree, 19 words mark nsubj compound:prt mark advmod ccomp xcomp punct advmod mark nsubj cop advcl cc aux advmod conj mark xcomp punct root To PART clam VERB up ADP means VERB to PART suddenly ADV stop VERB talking VERB , PUNCT often ADV because SCONJ you PRON are AUX nervous ADJ or CCONJ do AUX not PART want VERB to PART tell VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 clam mark 2 clam clam VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 means nsubj 3 up up ADP _ 2 clam compound:prt 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 7 stop mark 6 suddenly suddenly ADV _ 7 stop advmod 7 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means ccomp 8 talking talk VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 stop xcomp 9 , , PUNCT _ 14 nervous punct 10 often often ADV _ 14 nervous advmod 11 because because SCONJ _ 14 nervous mark 12 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 14 nervous nsubj 13 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 nervous cop 14 nervous nervous ADJ Degree=Pos 8 talking advcl 15 or or CCONJ _ 18 want cc 16 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 want aux 17 not not PART Polarity=Neg 18 want advmod 18 want want VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 nervous conj 19 to to PART _ 20 tell mark 20 tell tell VERB VerbForm=Inf 18 want xcomp 21 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 clam up to-infinitive vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 stop not said to happen to-infinitive suddenly property vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 4 talk gerund vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 is present you nervous, often property tree rules 6 not want present · do-support you not said here vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 7 tell speech: assert not said to happen to-infinitive you not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 We found an empty clam shell on the beach.
nsubj det amod compound obj case det nmod punct root We PRON found VERB an DET empty ADJ clam NOUN shell NOUN on ADP the DET beach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 found nsubj 2 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 shell det 4 empty empty ADJ Degree=Pos 6 shell amod 5 clam clam NOUN Number=Sing 6 shell compound 6 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 2 found obj 7 on on ADP _ 9 beach case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 beach det 9 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 6 shell nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past We a empty clam shell the beach vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Topic
Example 2 Clams dig into the sand when the tide goes out.
nsubj case det obl mark det nsubj advcl compound:prt punct root Clams NOUN dig VERB into ADP the DET sand NOUN when SCONJ the DET tide NOUN goes VERB out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Clams clam NOUN Number=Plur 2 dig nsubj 2 dig dig VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 into into ADP _ 5 sand case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 sand det 5 sand sand NOUN Number=Sing 2 dig obl 6 when when SCONJ _ 9 goes mark 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 tide det 8 tide tide NOUN Number=Sing 9 goes nsubj 9 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 dig advcl 10 out out ADP _ 9 goes compound:prt 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 dig punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig present Clams into the sand vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.patient»: agent=Agent into sand=Patient 2 go out present the tide vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 The giant clam lives on coral reefs.
det amod nsubj case compound obl punct root The DET giant ADJ clam NOUN lives VERB on ADP coral NOUN reefs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 clam det 2 giant giant ADJ Degree=Pos 3 clam amod 3 clam clam NOUN Number=Sing 4 lives nsubj 4 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 on on ADP _ 7 reefs case 6 coral coral NOUN _ 7 reefs compound 7 reefs reef NOUN Number=Plur 4 lives obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 lives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present the giant clam coral reefs vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on reef=Location
Example 4 Dad ordered clam chowder at the restaurant.
nsubj compound obj case det obl punct root Dad NOUN ordered VERB clam NOUN chowder NOUN at ADP the DET restaurant NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 ordered nsubj 2 ordered order VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 clam clam NOUN Number=Sing 4 chowder compound 4 chowder chowder NOUN Number=Sing 2 ordered obj 5 at at ADP _ 7 restaurant case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 restaurant det 7 restaurant restaurant NOUN Number=Sing 2 ordered obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 ordered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 order past Dad clam chowder the restaurant vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent chowder=Theme at restaurant=Asset
Example 5 When the teacher asked who broke it, Sam clammed up.
advmod det nsubj advcl nsubj ccomp obj punct nsubj compound:prt punct root When ADV the DET teacher NOUN asked VERB who PRON broke VERB it PRON , PUNCT Sam PROPN clammed VERB up ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 4 asked advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 teacher det 3 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 asked nsubj 4 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 clammed advcl 5 who who PRON PronType=Rel 6 broke nsubj 6 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 asked ccomp 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 broke obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 4 asked punct 9 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 10 clammed nsubj 10 clammed clam VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 up up ADP _ 10 clammed compound:prt 12 . . PUNCT _ 10 clammed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask past the teacher vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 break past teacher vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Patient 3 clam up past Sam vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 She shut her mouth like a clam and said nothing.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl cc conj obj punct root She PRON shut VERB her PRON mouth NOUN like ADP a DET clam NOUN and CCONJ said VERB nothing PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 shut nsubj 2 shut shut VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 mouth nmod:poss 4 mouth mouth NOUN Number=Sing 2 shut obj 5 like like ADP _ 7 clam case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 clam det 7 clam clam NOUN Number=Sing 2 shut obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 said cc 9 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 shut conj 10 nothing nothing PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 9 said obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 shut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shut past She her mouth like a clam vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent mouth=Patient 2 say speech: assert past She not said here nothing vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent nothing=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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