clause Who acts: clause, words, bell, we, main clause, subordinate clause · What happens: be, have, ring, go, make, not do · To what, where: group, grammar, verb, clauses, sense, main clause · Speech: someone speaks here
«clause» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: clause in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 In grammar, a clause is a group of words that has a verb and usually a subject: «when the bell rang» and «we went outside» are clauses.
The tree, 27 words case obl punct det nsubj cop det case nmod nsubj acl:relcl det obj cc advmod det conj punct punct advmod det nsubj parataxis punct cc punct nsubj conj advmod punct cop parataxis punct root In ADP grammar NOUN , PUNCT a DET clause NOUN is AUX a DET group NOUN of ADP words NOUN that PRON has VERB a DET verb NOUN and CCONJ usually ADV a DET subject NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT when ADV the DET bell NOUN rang VERB » PUNCT and CCONJ « PUNCT we PRON went VERB outside ADV » PUNCT are AUX clauses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 grammar case 2 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 8 group obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 grammar punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 clause det 5 clause clause NOUN Number=Sing 8 group nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 group cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 group det 8 group group NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of ADP _ 10 words case 10 words word NOUN Number=Plur 8 group nmod 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 has nsubj 12 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 words acl:relcl 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 verb det 14 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 12 has obj 15 and and CCONJ _ 18 subject cc 16 usually usually ADV _ 18 subject advmod 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 subject det 18 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing 14 verb conj 19 : : PUNCT _ 24 rang punct 20 « « PUNCT _ 24 rang punct 21 when when ADV PronType=Int 24 rang advmod 22 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 23 bell det 23 bell bell NOUN Number=Sing 24 rang nsubj 24 rang ring VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 33 clauses parataxis 25 » » PUNCT _ 24 rang punct 26 and and CCONJ _ 29 went cc 27 « « PUNCT _ 29 went punct 28 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 29 went nsubj 29 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 24 rang conj 30 outside outside ADV _ 29 went advmod 31 » » PUNCT _ 29 went punct 32 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 33 clauses cop 33 clauses clause NOUN Number=Plur 8 group parataxis 34 . . PUNCT _ 8 group punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a clause a group grammar of words tree rules 2 have present words a verb and a subject vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent verb=Patient 3 ring in a quote past the bell vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 go in a quote past we outside property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 is a present clauses tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A main clause makes sense on its own as a sentence; a subordinate clause does not and needs a main clause.
The tree, 21 words det amod nsubj obj case nmod:poss xcomp case det obl punct det amod nsubj parataxis advmod cc conj det amod obj punct root A DET main ADJ clause NOUN makes VERB sense NOUN on ADP its PRON own ADJ as ADP a DET sentence NOUN ; PUNCT a DET subordinate ADJ clause NOUN does VERB not PART and CCONJ needs VERB a DET main ADJ clause NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 clause det 2 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 3 clause amod 3 clause clause NOUN Number=Sing 4 makes nsubj 4 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 sense sense NOUN Number=Sing 4 makes obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 own case 7 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 own nmod:poss 8 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 4 makes xcomp 9 as as ADP _ 11 sentence case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 sentence det 11 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 8 own obl 12 ; ; PUNCT _ 16 does punct 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 clause det 14 subordinate subordinate ADJ Degree=Pos 15 clause amod 15 clause clause NOUN Number=Sing 16 does nsubj 16 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 makes parataxis 17 not not PART Polarity=Neg 16 does advmod 18 and and CCONJ _ 19 needs cc 19 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 does conj 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 clause det 21 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 22 clause amod 22 clause clause NOUN Number=Sing 19 needs obj 23 . . PUNCT _ 4 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present a main clause sense own property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sense=Product 2 not do present a subordinate clause vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 need present a subordinate clause not said here a main clause vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
Meaning 3 Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.
A clause is one section or rule in a written agreement or law.
det nsubj cop nummod cc conj case det amod nmod cc conj punct root A DET clause NOUN is AUX one NUM section NOUN or CCONJ rule NOUN in ADP a DET written VERB agreement NOUN or CCONJ law NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 clause det 2 clause clause NOUN Number=Sing 5 section nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 section cop 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 section nummod 5 section section NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 rule cc 7 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 5 section conj 8 in in ADP _ 11 agreement case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 agreement det 10 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 agreement amod 11 agreement agreement NOUN Number=Sing 5 section nmod 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 law cc 13 law law NOUN Number=Sing 11 agreement conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 section punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a clause one section or rule a written agreement or law tree rules 2 write participle vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 «I went home» is a main clause.
punct nsubj csubj advmod punct cop det amod punct root « PUNCT I PRON went VERB home ADV » PUNCT is AUX a DET main ADJ clause NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 went punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 went nsubj 3 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 clause csubj 4 home home ADV _ 3 went advmod 5 » » PUNCT _ 3 went punct 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 clause cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 clause det 8 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 9 clause amod 9 clause clause NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 clause punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go in a quote past I home property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a present a main clause tree rules
Example 2 «Because it was raining» is a subordinate clause; it cannot stand alone.
The tree, 13 words punct mark nsubj aux csubj punct cop det amod punct nsubj aux advmod conj advmod punct root « PUNCT Because SCONJ it PRON was AUX raining VERB » PUNCT is AUX a DET subordinate ADJ clause NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON can AUX not PART stand VERB alone ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 5 raining punct 2 Because because SCONJ _ 5 raining mark 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 raining nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 raining aux 5 raining rain VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 clause csubj 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 raining punct 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 clause cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 clause det 9 subordinate subordinate ADJ Degree=Pos 10 clause amod 10 clause clause NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 15 stand punct 12 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 stand nsubj 13 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 15 stand aux 14 not not PART Polarity=Neg 15 stand advmod 15 stand stand VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 clause conj 16 alone alone ADV _ 15 stand advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 10 clause punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rain in a quote past · progressive it vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» 2 is a present raining a subordinate clause tree rules 3 not stand can clause alone property vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Join the two clauses with «but».
det nummod obj case punct conj punct punct root Join VERB the DET two NUM clauses NOUN with ADP « PUNCT but CCONJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Join join VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 clauses det 3 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 clauses nummod 4 clauses clause NOUN Number=Plur 1 Join obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 but case 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 but punct 7 but but CCONJ _ 4 clauses conj 8 » » PUNCT _ 4 clauses punct 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Join punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 join imperative you not said here the two clauses vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clause=Patient
Example 4 «The dog that barked» has a relative clause: «that barked».
The tree, 10 words punct det nsubj nsubj acl:relcl punct det amod obj punct punct nsubj parataxis punct punct root « PUNCT The DET dog NOUN that PRON barked VERB » PUNCT has VERB a DET relative ADJ clause NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT that PRON barked VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 7 has punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 dog det 3 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 7 has nsubj 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 barked nsubj 5 barked bark VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 dog acl:relcl 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 barked punct 7 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 clause det 9 relative relative ADJ Degree=Pos 10 clause amod 10 clause clause NOUN Number=Sing 7 has obj 11 : : PUNCT _ 14 barked punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 14 barked punct 13 that that PRON PronType=Rel 14 barked nsubj 14 barked bark VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 has parataxis 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 barked punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bark in a quote past the dog vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 have present the dog a relative clause tree rules 3 bark in a quote past that vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Every clause has a verb.
det nsubj det obj punct root Every DET clause NOUN has VERB a DET verb NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Every every DET PronType=Tot 2 clause det 2 clause clause NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 verb det 5 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present every clause a verb vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent verb=Patient
Example 6 Dad read every clause of the phone contract before signing.
nsubj det obj case det compound nmod mark advcl punct root Dad NOUN read VERB every DET clause NOUN of ADP the DET phone NOUN contract NOUN before SCONJ signing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 read nsubj 2 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 every every DET PronType=Tot 4 clause det 4 clause clause NOUN Number=Sing 2 read obj 5 of of ADP _ 8 contract case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 contract det 7 phone phone NOUN Number=Sing 8 contract compound 8 contract contract NOUN Number=Sing 4 clause nmod 9 before before SCONJ _ 10 signing mark 10 signing sign VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 read advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read past Dad every clause of the phone contract vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 sign gerund Dad not said here vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 A comma often comes after a subordinate clause at the start of a sentence.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj advmod case det amod obl case det nmod case det nmod punct root A DET comma NOUN often ADV comes VERB after ADP a DET subordinate ADJ clause NOUN at ADP the DET start NOUN of ADP a DET sentence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 comma det 2 comma comma NOUN Number=Sing 4 comes nsubj 3 often often ADV _ 4 comes advmod 4 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 after after ADP _ 8 clause case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 clause det 7 subordinate subordinate ADJ Degree=Pos 8 clause amod 8 clause clause NOUN Number=Sing 4 comes obl 9 at at ADP _ 11 start case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 start det 11 start start NOUN Number=Sing 8 clause nmod 12 of of ADP _ 14 sentence case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 sentence det 14 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 11 start nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 comes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present a comma after a subordinate clause at the start of a sentence often property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 start a sentence nom start «event transitive»: of=patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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