cloud Who acts: steam, Something, you, sky, cloud, Dark clouds · What happens: make, look, store, become, not be, mean · To what, where: sky, people, files, cloud, Clouds, bonfire · Speech: someone speaks here
«cloud» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cloud in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A white or grey mass in the sky made of millions of tiny water drops or ice crystals.
The tree, 18 words det amod cc conj case det nmod acl case obl case amod compound nmod cc compound conj punct root A DET white ADJ or CCONJ grey ADJ mass NOUN in ADP the DET sky NOUN made VERB of ADP millions NOUN of ADP tiny ADJ water NOUN drops NOUN or CCONJ ice NOUN crystals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 mass det 2 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 5 mass amod 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 grey cc 4 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 2 white conj 5 mass mass NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 in in ADP _ 8 sky case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 sky det 8 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 5 mass nmod 9 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 sky acl 10 of of ADP _ 11 millions case 11 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 9 made obl 12 of of ADP _ 15 drops case 13 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 15 drops amod 14 water water NOUN Number=Sing 15 drops compound 15 drops drop NOUN Number=Plur 11 millions nmod 16 or or CCONJ _ 18 crystals cc 17 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 18 crystals compound 18 crystals crystal NOUN Number=Plur 15 drops conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 mass punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make participle the sky not said here of millions of tiny water drops or ice crystals vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A mass of smoke, dust or steam that looks like this.
det case nmod punct conj cc conj nsubj acl:relcl case obl punct root A DET mass NOUN of ADP smoke NOUN , PUNCT dust NOUN or CCONJ steam NOUN that PRON looks VERB like ADP this PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 mass det 2 mass mass NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 4 smoke case 4 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 2 mass nmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 dust punct 6 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 4 smoke conj 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 steam cc 8 steam steam NOUN Number=Sing 4 smoke conj 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 looks nsubj 10 looks look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 steam acl:relcl 11 like like ADP _ 12 this case 12 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 10 looks obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 mass punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look present steam like this vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Meaning 3 Something that makes people sad or worried: a cloud over the day.
nsubj nsubj obj xcomp cc conj punct det parataxis case det nmod punct root Something PRON that PRON makes VERB people NOUN sad ADJ or CCONJ worried ADJ : PUNCT a DET cloud NOUN over ADP the DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 makes nsubj 2 that that PRON PronType=Rel 3 makes nsubj 3 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 makes obj 5 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 3 makes xcomp 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 worried cc 7 worried worried ADJ Degree=Pos 5 sad conj 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 cloud punct 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 cloud det 10 cloud cloud NOUN Number=Sing 3 makes parataxis 11 over over ADP _ 13 day case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 day det 13 day day NOUN Number=Sing 10 cloud nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Something people sad property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material people=Product
Meaning 4 The cloud: computers on the internet where you store files.
det punct conj case det nmod advmod nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root The DET cloud NOUN : PUNCT computers NOUN on ADP the DET internet NOUN where ADV you PRON store VERB files NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cloud det 2 cloud cloud NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 : : PUNCT _ 4 computers punct 4 computers computer NOUN Number=Plur 2 cloud conj 5 on on ADP _ 7 internet case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 internet det 7 internet internet NOUN Number=Sing 4 computers nmod 8 where where ADV PronType=Rel 10 store advmod 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 store nsubj 10 store store VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 internet acl:relcl 11 files file NOUN Number=Plur 10 store obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 cloud punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 store present you files vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent file=Theme
Meaning 5 Verb: to become cloudy or unclear; cloud over (sky becomes cloudy).
The tree, 11 words nsubj punct mark acl:relcl xcomp cc conj punct advmod punct nsubj acl:relcl xcomp punct punct root Verb NOUN : PUNCT to PART become VERB cloudy ADJ or CCONJ unclear ADJ ; PUNCT cloud NOUN over ADV ( PUNCT sky NOUN becomes VERB cloudy ADJ ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 9 cloud nsubj 2 : : PUNCT _ 4 become punct 3 to to PART _ 4 become mark 4 become become VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Verb acl:relcl 5 cloudy cloudy ADJ Degree=Pos 4 become xcomp 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 unclear cc 7 unclear unclear ADJ Degree=Pos 5 cloudy conj 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 cloud punct 9 cloud cloud NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 over over ADV _ 9 cloud advmod 11 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 becomes punct 12 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 13 becomes nsubj 13 becomes become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 cloud acl:relcl 14 cloudy cloudy ADJ Degree=Pos 13 becomes xcomp 15 ) ) PUNCT _ 13 becomes punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 9 cloud punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become to-infinitive cloudy property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 2 become present sky cloud not said here cloudy property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Patient cloud=Result
Example 1 There isn't a cloud in the sky.
expl advmod det nsubj case det nmod punct root There PRON is VERB n't PART a DET cloud NOUN in ADP the DET sky NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 is expl 2 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 2 is advmod 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 cloud det 5 cloud cloud NOUN Number=Sing 2 is nsubj 6 in in ADP _ 8 sky case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 sky det 8 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 5 cloud nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not be present a cloud in the sky there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 Dark clouds mean it might rain.
amod nsubj nsubj aux ccomp punct root Dark ADJ clouds NOUN mean VERB it PRON might AUX rain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 2 clouds amod 2 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 3 mean nsubj 3 mean mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 rain nsubj 5 might might AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 rain aux 6 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 3 mean ccomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Dark clouds vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 rain might it tree rules
Example 3 Clouds are made of tiny drops of water.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case amod obl case nmod punct root Clouds NOUN are AUX made VERB of ADP tiny ADJ drops NOUN of ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 3 made nsubj:pass 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 made aux:pass 3 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 of of ADP _ 6 drops case 5 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 6 drops amod 6 drops drop NOUN Number=Plur 3 made obl 7 of of ADP _ 8 water case 8 water water NOUN Number=Sing 6 drops nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · passive Clouds of tiny drops of water vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Example 4 A cloud of smoke came from the bonfire.
det nsubj case nmod case det obl punct root A DET cloud NOUN of ADP smoke NOUN came VERB from ADP the DET bonfire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cloud det 2 cloud cloud NOUN Number=Sing 5 came nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 smoke case 4 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 2 cloud nmod 5 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 from from ADP _ 8 bonfire case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bonfire det 8 bonfire bonfire NOUN Number=Sing 5 came obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past a cloud of smoke the bonfire vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from bonfire=Initial_Location 2 cloud smoke nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient
Example 5 The sky clouded over in the afternoon.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET sky NOUN clouded VERB over ADV in ADP the DET afternoon NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sky det 2 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 3 clouded nsubj 3 clouded cloud VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 over over ADV _ 3 clouded advmod 5 in in ADP _ 7 afternoon case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 afternoon det 7 afternoon afternoon NOUN Number=Sing 3 clouded obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 clouded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cloud over past the sky afternoon over property vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 6 We save our work to the cloud.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root We PRON save VERB our PRON work NOUN to ADP the DET cloud NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 save nsubj 2 save save VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 work nmod:poss 4 work work NOUN Number=Sing 2 save obj 5 to to ADP _ 7 cloud case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cloud det 7 cloud cloud NOUN Number=Sing 2 save obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 save punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 save present We our work to the cloud vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Theme 2 work our nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 She was on cloud nine after winning.
nsubj cop case flat mark acl punct root She PRON was AUX on ADP cloud NOUN nine NUM after SCONJ winning VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 cloud nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 cloud cop 3 on on ADP _ 4 cloud case 4 cloud cloud NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 nine nine NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 cloud flat 6 after after SCONJ _ 7 winning mark 7 winning win VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 cloud acl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 cloud punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past She cloud tree rules 2 win gerund cloud not said here vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 Fluffy white clouds are called cumulus clouds.
amod amod nsubj:pass aux:pass compound xcomp punct root Fluffy ADJ white ADJ clouds NOUN are AUX called VERB cumulus NOUN clouds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fluffy fluffy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 clouds amod 2 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 3 clouds amod 3 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 5 called nsubj:pass 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 called aux:pass 5 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 cumulus cumulus NOUN Number=Sing 7 clouds compound 7 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 5 called xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive Fluffy white clouds vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 9 It looked like soft little woolly clouds!
nsubj case amod amod amod obl punct root It PRON looked VERB like ADP soft ADJ little ADJ woolly ADJ clouds NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 looked nsubj 2 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 like like ADP _ 7 clouds case 4 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 7 clouds amod 5 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 7 clouds amod 6 woolly woolly ADJ Degree=Pos 7 clouds amod 7 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 2 looked obl 8 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past It like soft little woolly clouds vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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