clown Who acts: clown, party, people, person, Calling, insult · What happens: be, wear, do, make, laugh, act · To what, where: performer, circus, funny clothes, silly things, people, person · Speech: someone speaks here
«clown» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: clown in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A clown is a performer in a circus or at a party who wears funny clothes, big shoes and face paint and does silly things to make people laugh.
The tree, 29 words det nsubj cop det case det nmod cc case det conj nsubj acl:relcl amod obj punct amod conj cc compound conj cc conj amod obj mark acl obj xcomp punct root A DET clown NOUN is AUX a DET performer NOUN in ADP a DET circus NOUN or CCONJ at ADP a DET party NOUN who PRON wears VERB funny ADJ clothes NOUN , PUNCT big ADJ shoes NOUN and CCONJ face NOUN paint NOUN and CCONJ does VERB silly ADJ things NOUN to PART make VERB people NOUN laugh VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 clown det 2 clown clown NOUN Number=Sing 5 performer nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 performer cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 performer det 5 performer performer NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 in in ADP _ 8 circus case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 circus det 8 circus circus NOUN Number=Sing 5 performer nmod 9 or or CCONJ _ 12 party cc 10 at at ADP _ 12 party case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 party det 12 party party NOUN Number=Sing 8 circus conj 13 who who PRON PronType=Rel 14 wears nsubj 14 wears wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 party acl:relcl 15 funny funny ADJ Degree=Pos 16 clothes amod 16 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 14 wears obj 17 , , PUNCT _ 19 shoes punct 18 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 19 shoes amod 19 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 16 clothes conj 20 and and CCONJ _ 22 paint cc 21 face face NOUN Number=Sing 22 paint compound 22 paint paint NOUN Number=Sing 19 shoes conj 23 and and CCONJ _ 24 does cc 24 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 wears conj 25 silly silly ADJ Degree=Pos 26 things amod 26 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 24 does obj 27 to to PART _ 28 make mark 28 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 26 things acl 29 people people NOUN Number=Plur 28 make obj 30 laugh laugh VERB VerbForm=Inf 28 make xcomp 31 . . PUNCT _ 5 performer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a clown a performer a circus or a party tree rules 2 wear present a party funny clothes and big shoes and face paint vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent clothes=Source 3 do present a party not said here silly things vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality 4 make to-infinitive a party not said here people tree rules 5 laugh infinitive people not said here vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
A clown is a person who often acts silly or makes jokes, like the class clown.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det nsubj advmod acl:relcl xcomp cc conj obj punct case det compound nmod punct root A DET clown NOUN is AUX a DET person NOUN who PRON often ADV acts VERB silly ADJ or CCONJ makes VERB jokes NOUN , PUNCT like ADP the DET class NOUN clown NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 clown det 2 clown clown NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 8 acts nsubj 7 often often ADV _ 8 acts advmod 8 acts act VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person acl:relcl 9 silly silly ADJ Degree=Pos 8 acts xcomp 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 makes cc 11 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 acts conj 12 jokes joke NOUN Number=Plur 11 makes obj 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 clown punct 14 like like ADP _ 17 clown case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 clown det 16 class class NOUN Number=Sing 17 clown compound 17 clown clown NOUN Number=Sing 12 jokes nmod 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a clown a person tree rules 2 act present a person often, silly property vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 make present a person not said here jokes like the class clown vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset joke=Product
Meaning 3 Usage: rude — kept apart, not parsed.
Calling someone a clown can be an insult meaning they are stupid or useless.
The tree, 14 words csubj obj det obj aux cop det acl nsubj cop ccomp cc conj punct root Calling VERB someone PRON a DET clown NOUN can AUX be AUX an DET insult NOUN meaning VERB they PRON are AUX stupid ADJ or CCONJ useless ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Calling call VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 insult csubj 2 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Calling obj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 clown det 4 clown clown NOUN Number=Sing 1 Calling obj 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 insult aux 6 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 insult cop 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 insult det 8 insult insult NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 meaning mean VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 insult acl 10 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 stupid nsubj 11 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 stupid cop 12 stupid stupid ADJ Degree=Pos 9 meaning ccomp 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 useless cc 14 useless useless ADJ Degree=Pos 12 stupid conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 insult punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call gerund someone vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme clown=Result 2 is a can Calling a insult tree rules 3 mean gerund a insult not said here vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 4 is present they stupid property tree rules 5 be they not said here tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To clown or clown around is to behave in a silly way to make people laugh.
The tree, 16 words mark advcl cc conj advmod cop mark case det amod obl mark advcl obj xcomp punct root To PART clown VERB or CCONJ clown VERB around ADV is AUX to PART behave VERB in ADP a DET silly ADJ way NOUN to PART make VERB people NOUN laugh VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 clown mark 2 clown clown VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 behave advcl 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 clown cc 4 clown clown VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 clown conj 5 around around ADV _ 4 clown advmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 behave cop 7 to to PART _ 8 behave mark 8 behave behave VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 in in ADP _ 12 way case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 way det 11 silly silly ADJ Degree=Pos 12 way amod 12 way way NOUN Number=Sing 8 behave obl 13 to to PART _ 14 make mark 14 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 behave advcl 15 people people NOUN Number=Plur 14 make obj 16 laugh laugh VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 make xcomp 17 . . PUNCT _ 8 behave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 clown to-infinitive tree rules 2 clown around infinitive around property tree rules 3 is present a silly way behave property tree rules 4 make to-infinitive people tree rules 5 laugh infinitive people not said here vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The clown had a red nose and enormous floppy shoes.
det nsubj det amod obj cc amod amod conj punct root The DET clown NOUN had VERB a DET red ADJ nose NOUN and CCONJ enormous ADJ floppy ADJ shoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 clown det 2 clown clown NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 nose det 5 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 6 nose amod 6 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 10 shoes cc 8 enormous enormous ADJ Degree=Pos 10 shoes amod 9 floppy floppy ADJ Degree=Pos 10 shoes amod 10 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 6 nose conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the clown a red nose and enormous floppy shoes vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Patient
Example 2 We hired a clown for my little brother's birthday party.
nsubj det obj case nmod:poss amod nmod:poss case compound obl punct root We PRON hired VERB a DET clown NOUN for ADP my PRON little ADJ brother NOUN 's PART birthday NOUN party NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 hired nsubj 2 hired hire VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 clown det 4 clown clown NOUN Number=Sing 2 hired obj 5 for for ADP _ 11 party case 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 brother nmod:poss 7 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 8 brother amod 8 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 11 party nmod:poss 9 's 's PART _ 8 brother case 10 birthday birthday NOUN Number=Sing 11 party compound 11 party party NOUN Number=Sing 2 hired obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 hired punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hire past We a clown for my little brother's birthday party vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent clown=Theme for party=Beneficiary
Example 3 Jake is the class clown and always makes us giggle.
nsubj cop det compound cc advmod conj obj xcomp punct root Jake PROPN is AUX the DET class NOUN clown NOUN and CCONJ always ADV makes VERB us PRON giggle VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Jake Jake PROPN Number=Sing 5 clown nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 clown cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 clown det 4 class class NOUN Number=Sing 5 clown compound 5 clown clown NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 8 makes cc 7 always always ADV PronType=Tot 8 makes advmod 8 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 clown conj 9 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 makes obj 10 giggle giggle VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 makes xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 clown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Jake the class clown tree rules 2 make present Jake not said here us always property tree rules 3 giggle infinitive us not said here vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Stop clowning around and finish your work!
xcomp advmod cc conj nmod:poss obj punct root Stop VERB clowning VERB around ADV and CCONJ finish VERB your PRON work NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 clowning clown VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Stop xcomp 3 around around ADV _ 2 clowning advmod 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 finish cc 5 finish finish VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Stop conj 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 work nmod:poss 7 work work NOUN Number=Sing 5 finish obj 8 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 clown around gerund you not said here around property tree rules 3 finish infinitive you not said here your work vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality work=Eventuality 4 work your nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 That driver cut in front of us — what a clown!
det nsubj case obl case nmod punct parataxis det nsubj punct root That DET driver NOUN cut VERB in ADP front NOUN of ADP us PRON — PUNCT what PRON a DET clown NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 driver det 2 driver driver NOUN Number=Sing 3 cut nsubj 3 cut cut VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 front case 5 front front NOUN Number=Sing 3 cut obl 6 of of ADP _ 7 us case 7 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 front nmod 8 — - PUNCT _ 9 what punct 9 what what PRON PronType=Int 3 cut parataxis 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 clown det 11 clown clown NOUN Number=Sing 9 what nsubj 12 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut participle that driver front of us vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 6 Some children are scared of clowns.
det nsubj cop case obl punct root Some DET children NOUN are AUX scared ADJ of ADP clowns NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 children det 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 4 scared nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 scared cop 4 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 clowns case 6 clowns clown NOUN Number=Plur 4 scared obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 scared punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present some children of clowns; scared property tree rules
Example 7 Three clowns climbed out of one tiny car.
nummod nsubj case case nummod amod obl punct root Three NUM clowns NOUN climbed VERB out ADP of ADP one NUM tiny ADJ car NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 clowns nummod 2 clowns clown NOUN Number=Plur 3 climbed nsubj 3 climbed climb VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 out out ADP _ 8 car case 5 of of ADP _ 8 car case 6 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 car nummod 7 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 8 car amod 8 car car NOUN Number=Sing 3 climbed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 climbed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 climb past Three clowns one tiny car vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out car=Trajectory
Example 8 The clown juggled four balls and dropped every one.
det nsubj nummod obj cc conj det obj punct root The DET clown NOUN juggled VERB four NUM balls NOUN and CCONJ dropped VERB every DET one NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 clown det 2 clown clown NOUN Number=Sing 3 juggled nsubj 3 juggled juggle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 balls nummod 5 balls ball NOUN Number=Plur 3 juggled obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 dropped cc 7 dropped drop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 juggled conj 8 every every DET PronType=Tot 9 one det 9 one one NOUN Number=Sing 7 dropped obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 juggled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 juggle past the clown four balls tree rules 2 drop past the clown not said here every one vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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