cochlea Who acts: cochlea, It, nerve signals, we, Sound, Hair cells · What happens: shape, be, fill, turn, travel, hear · To what, where: small shaped tube, inner ear, sound vibrations, nerve signals, brain, cochlea
«cochlea» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cochlea in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The cochlea is a small, spiral-shaped tube in the inner ear, shaped like a snail shell and filled with liquid.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det amod punct compound punct amod case det amod nmod punct acl case det compound obl cc conj case obl punct root The DET cochlea NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ , PUNCT spiral ADJ - PUNCT shaped VERB tube NOUN in ADP the DET inner ADJ ear NOUN , PUNCT shaped VERB like ADP a DET snail NOUN shell NOUN and CCONJ filled VERB with ADP liquid NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cochlea det 2 cochlea cochlea NOUN Number=Sing 10 tube nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 tube cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 tube det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 10 tube amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 small punct 7 spiral spiral ADJ Degree=Pos 9 shaped compound 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 spiral punct 9 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 tube amod 10 tube tube NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 in in ADP _ 14 ear case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 ear det 13 inner inner ADJ Degree=Pos 14 ear amod 14 ear ear NOUN Number=Sing 10 tube nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 shaped punct 16 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 tube acl 17 like like ADP _ 20 shell case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 shell det 19 snail snail NOUN Number=Sing 20 shell compound 20 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 16 shaped obl 21 and and CCONJ _ 22 filled cc 22 filled fill VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 shaped conj 23 with with ADP _ 24 liquid case 24 liquid liquid NOUN Number=Sing 22 filled obl 25 . . PUNCT _ 10 tube punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shape participle vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 2 is a present the cochlea a small shaped tube the inner ear tree rules 3 shape participle a small shaped tube not said here like a snail shell vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 4 fill participle with liquid vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with liquid=Instrument
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 It turns sound vibrations into nerve signals that travel to the brain so we can hear.
The tree, 16 words nsubj compound obj case compound obl nsubj acl:relcl case det obl mark nsubj aux advcl punct root It PRON turns VERB sound NOUN vibrations NOUN into ADP nerve NOUN signals NOUN that PRON travel VERB to ADP the DET brain NOUN so SCONJ we PRON can AUX hear VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 turns nsubj 2 turns turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 4 vibrations compound 4 vibrations vibration NOUN Number=Plur 2 turns obj 5 into into ADP _ 7 signals case 6 nerve nerve NOUN Number=Sing 7 signals compound 7 signals signal NOUN Number=Plur 2 turns obl 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 travel nsubj 9 travel travel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 signals acl:relcl 10 to to ADP _ 12 brain case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 brain det 12 brain brain NOUN Number=Sing 9 travel obl 13 so so SCONJ _ 16 hear mark 14 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 16 hear nsubj 15 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 16 hear aux 16 hear hear VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 travel advcl 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 turns punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn present It sound vibrations nerve signals vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent vibration=Theme into signal=Trajectory 2 travel present nerve signals the brain vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to brain=Destination 3 hear can we vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer
Example 1 The cochlea is shaped like a snail shell.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det compound obl punct root The DET cochlea NOUN is AUX shaped VERB like ADP a DET snail NOUN shell NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cochlea det 2 cochlea cochlea NOUN Number=Sing 4 shaped nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 shaped aux:pass 4 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 like like ADP _ 8 shell case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 shell det 7 snail snail NOUN Number=Sing 8 shell compound 8 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 4 shaped obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 shaped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shape present · passive the cochlea like a snail shell vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Example 2 Sound makes the liquid in the cochlea move.
nsubj det obj case det compound obl punct root Sound NOUN makes VERB the DET liquid NOUN in ADP the DET cochlea NOUN move NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 2 makes nsubj 2 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 liquid det 4 liquid liquid NOUN Number=Sing 2 makes obj 5 in in ADP _ 8 move case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 move det 7 cochlea cochlea NOUN Number=Sing 8 move compound 8 move move NOUN Number=Sing 2 makes obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Sound the liquid the cochlea move vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset liquid=Product
Example 3 Hair cells in the cochlea send signals to the brain.
compound nsubj case det nmod obj case det obl punct root Hair NOUN cells NOUN in ADP the DET cochlea NOUN send VERB signals NOUN to ADP the DET brain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 2 cells compound 2 cells cell NOUN Number=Plur 6 send nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 5 cochlea case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cochlea det 5 cochlea cochlea NOUN Number=Sing 2 cells nmod 6 send send VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 signals signal NOUN Number=Plur 6 send obj 8 to to ADP _ 10 brain case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 brain det 10 brain brain NOUN Number=Sing 6 send obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 send punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 send infinitive Hair cells in the cochlea signals the brain vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent signal=Theme to brain=Destination
Example 4 Very loud music can damage the cochlea.
advmod amod nsubj aux det obj punct root Very ADV loud ADJ music NOUN can AUX damage VERB the DET cochlea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Very very ADV _ 2 loud advmod 2 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 3 music amod 3 music music NOUN Number=Sing 5 damage nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 damage aux 5 damage damage VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cochlea det 7 cochlea cochlea NOUN Number=Sing 5 damage obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 damage punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 damage can loud music the cochlea vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cochlea=Patient
Example 5 My cousin has a cochlear implant that helps him hear.
nmod:poss nsubj det amod obj nsubj acl:relcl obj xcomp punct root My PRON cousin NOUN has VERB a DET cochlear ADJ implant NOUN that PRON helps VERB him PRON hear VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 cousin nmod:poss 2 cousin cousin NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 implant det 5 cochlear cochlear ADJ Degree=Pos 6 implant amod 6 implant implant NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 helps nsubj 8 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 implant acl:relcl 9 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 helps obj 10 hear hear VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 helps xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present My cousin a cochlear implant vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent implant=Patient 2 help present a cochlear implant cousin vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary clause=Theme 3 hear infinitive cousin not said here vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer
Example 6 The cochlea is in the inner ear, deep inside the skull.
det nsubj cop case det amod punct advmod case det conj punct root The DET cochlea NOUN is AUX in ADP the DET inner ADJ ear NOUN , PUNCT deep ADV inside ADP the DET skull NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cochlea det 2 cochlea cochlea NOUN Number=Sing 7 ear nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 ear cop 4 in in ADP _ 7 ear case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 ear det 6 inner inner ADJ Degree=Pos 7 ear amod 7 ear ear NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 skull punct 9 deep deep ADV _ 12 skull advmod 10 inside inside ADP _ 12 skull case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 skull det 12 skull skull NOUN Number=Sing 7 ear conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 ear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the cochlea the inner ear and the skull tree rules
Example 7 Wear ear defenders at loud events to protect your cochlea.
compound obj case amod obl mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct root Wear VERB ear NOUN defenders NOUN at ADP loud ADJ events NOUN to PART protect VERB your PRON cochlea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wear wear VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 ear ear NOUN Number=Sing 3 defenders compound 3 defenders defender NOUN Number=Plur 1 Wear obj 4 at at ADP _ 6 events case 5 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 6 events amod 6 events event NOUN Number=Plur 1 Wear obl 7 to to PART _ 8 protect mark 8 protect protect VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Wear advcl 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 cochlea nmod:poss 10 cochlea cochlea NOUN Number=Sing 8 protect obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear imperative you not said here ear defenders loud events vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent defender=Source 2 protect to-infinitive you not said here your cochlea vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cochlea=Beneficiary
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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