coin Who acts: coin, you, your, She, He, jar · What happens: be, use, toss, see, land, pay · To what, where: small flat round piece, coin, heads, own coin, same way, 8 coins · Speech: someone speaks here
«coin» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: coin in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A coin is a small, flat, round piece of metal used as money.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod punct amod case nmod acl case obl punct root A DET coin NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ , PUNCT flat ADJ , PUNCT round ADJ piece NOUN of ADP metal NOUN used VERB as ADP money NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 coin det 2 coin coin NOUN Number=Sing 10 piece nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 piece cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 piece det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 10 piece amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 small punct 7 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 10 piece amod 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 flat punct 9 round round ADJ Degree=Pos 10 piece amod 10 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 of of ADP _ 12 metal case 12 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 10 piece nmod 13 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 piece acl 14 as as ADP _ 15 money case 15 money money NOUN Number=Sing 13 used obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 10 piece punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a coin a small flat round piece of metal tree rules 2 use participle a small flat round piece not said here as money vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To toss a coin is to throw it up and see if it lands on heads or tails.
The tree, 18 words mark advcl det obj cop mark obj compound:prt cc conj mark nsubj ccomp case obl cc conj punct root To PART toss VERB a DET coin NOUN is AUX to PART throw VERB it PRON up ADP and CCONJ see VERB if SCONJ it PRON lands VERB on ADP heads NOUN or CCONJ tails NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 toss mark 2 toss toss VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 throw advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 coin det 4 coin coin NOUN Number=Sing 2 toss obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 throw cop 6 to to PART _ 7 throw mark 7 throw throw VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 throw obj 9 up up ADP _ 7 throw compound:prt 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 see cc 11 see see VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 7 throw conj 12 if if SCONJ _ 14 lands mark 13 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 lands nsubj 14 lands land VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 see ccomp 15 on on ADP _ 16 heads case 16 heads head NOUN Number=Plur 14 lands obl 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 tails cc 18 tails tail NOUN Number=Plur 16 heads conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 7 throw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 toss to-infinitive a coin vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coin=Patient 2 is present throw property tree rules 3 see infinitive vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 4 land a condition, not said to happen present coin heads or tails vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on head=Destination
Meaning 3 To coin a word is to make up a new word.
mark nsubj det obj cop mark compound:prt det amod obj punct root To PART coin NOUN a DET word NOUN is AUX to PART make VERB up ADP a DET new ADJ word NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 coin mark 2 coin coin NOUN Number=Sing 7 make nsubj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 word det 4 word word NOUN Number=Sing 2 coin obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 make cop 6 to to PART _ 7 make mark 7 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 up up ADP _ 7 make compound:prt 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 word det 10 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 11 word amod 11 word word NOUN Number=Sing 7 make obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present coin make property tree rules
Meaning 4 To be paid in your own coin means to be treated back in the same way that you treated others.
The tree, 20 words mark aux:pass nsubj case nmod:poss amod obl mark aux:pass ccomp advmod case det amod obl obj nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root To PART be AUX paid VERB in ADP your PRON own ADJ coin NOUN means VERB to PART be AUX treated VERB back ADV in ADP the DET same ADJ way NOUN that PRON you PRON treated VERB others NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 3 paid mark 2 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 3 paid aux:pass 3 paid pay VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 means nsubj 4 in in ADP _ 7 coin case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 coin nmod:poss 6 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 7 coin amod 7 coin coin NOUN Number=Sing 3 paid obl 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 to to PART _ 11 treated mark 10 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 11 treated aux:pass 11 treated treat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 means ccomp 12 back back ADV _ 11 treated advmod 13 in in ADP _ 16 way case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 way det 15 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 16 way amod 16 way way NOUN Number=Sing 11 treated obl 17 that that PRON PronType=Rel 19 treated obj 18 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 19 treated nsubj 19 treated treat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 16 way acl:relcl 20 others other NOUN Number=Plur 19 treated obj 21 . . PUNCT _ 8 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pay to-infinitive · passive your own coin vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP» 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 treat back not said to happen to-infinitive · passive the same way vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient» 4 treat past you the same way tree rules 5 coin your nom coin «possession transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 She has 8 coins worth 5 cents each.
nsubj nummod obj amod nummod conj nmod punct root She PRON has VERB 8 NUM coins NOUN worth ADJ 5 NUM cents NOUN each DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 coins nummod 4 coins coin NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 worth worth ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cents amod 6 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 cents nummod 7 cents cent NOUN Number=Plur 4 coins conj 8 each each DET PronType=Tot 7 cents nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present She 8 coins and worth 5 cents each vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coin=Patient
Example 2 He has 3 quarters and 2 dimes. How many coins?
Sentence 1: He has 3 quarters and 2 dimes.
nsubj nummod obj cc nummod conj punct root He PRON has VERB 3 NUM quarters NOUN and CCONJ 2 NUM dimes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 quarters nummod 4 quarters quarter NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 dimes cc 6 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 dimes nummod 7 dimes dime NOUN Number=Plur 4 quarters conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present He 3 quarters and 2 dimes vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quarter=Patient
Sentence 2: How many coins?
advmod amod punct root How ADV many ADJ coins NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 coins amod 3 coins coin NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 coins punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 3 Toss a coin 10 times.
compound det nummod obl:unmarked punct root Toss NOUN a DET coin NOUN 10 NUM times NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Toss toss NOUN Number=Sing 3 coin compound 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 coin det 3 coin coin NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 times nummod 5 times time NOUN Number=Plur 3 coin obl:unmarked 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 coin punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 4 The jar holds 120 coins.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET jar NOUN holds VERB 120 NUM coins NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 jar det 2 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds nsubj 3 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 120 120 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 coins nummod 5 coins coin NOUN Number=Plur 3 holds obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present the jar 120 coins vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coin=Theme
Example 5 She put a coin in her piggy bank.
nsubj det obj case nmod:poss compound obl punct root She PRON put VERB a DET coin NOUN in ADP her PRON piggy NOUN bank NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 put nsubj 2 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 coin det 4 coin coin NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obj 5 in in ADP _ 8 bank case 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 bank nmod:poss 7 piggy piggy NOUN Number=Sing 8 bank compound 8 bank bank NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past She a coin her piggy bank vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent coin=Theme in bank=Destination
Example 6 We tossed a coin to see who goes first.
nsubj det obj mark advcl nsubj ccomp advmod punct root We PRON tossed VERB a DET coin NOUN to PART see VERB who PRON goes VERB first ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 tossed nsubj 2 tossed toss VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 coin det 4 coin coin NOUN Number=Sing 2 tossed obj 5 to to PART _ 6 see mark 6 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 tossed advcl 7 who who PRON PronType=Rel 8 goes nsubj 8 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 see ccomp 9 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 8 goes advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 tossed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 toss past We a coin vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coin=Patient 2 see to-infinitive We not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 3 go present first property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 A pound coin is gold-coloured.
det compound nsubj cop nsubj punct punct root A DET pound NOUN coin NOUN is AUX gold NOUN - PUNCT coloured ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 coin det 2 pound pound NOUN Number=Sing 3 coin compound 3 coin coin NOUN Number=Sing 7 coloured nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 coloured cop 5 gold gold NOUN Number=Sing 7 coloured nsubj 6 - - PUNCT _ 7 coloured punct 7 coloured coloured ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 coloured punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a pound coin coloured property tree rules
Example 8 Old Roman coins were found in the field.
amod amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root Old ADJ Roman ADJ coins NOUN were AUX found VERB in ADP the DET field NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 coins amod 2 Roman roman ADJ Degree=Pos 3 coins amod 3 coins coin NOUN Number=Plur 5 found nsubj:pass 4 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 found aux:pass 5 found find VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 in in ADP _ 8 field case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 field det 8 field field NOUN Number=Sing 5 found obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past · passive Old Roman coins the field vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
Example 9 Those who try to deceive may expect to be paid in their own coin.
The tree, 14 words nsubj nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp aux mark aux:pass xcomp case nmod:poss amod obl punct root Those PRON who PRON try VERB to PART deceive VERB may AUX expect VERB to PART be AUX paid VERB in ADP their PRON own ADJ coin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Those that PRON Number=Plur PronType=Dem 7 expect nsubj 2 who who PRON PronType=Rel 3 try nsubj 3 try try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Those acl:relcl 4 to to PART _ 5 deceive mark 5 deceive deceive VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 try xcomp 6 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 expect aux 7 expect expect VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 to to PART _ 10 paid mark 9 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 10 paid aux:pass 10 paid pay VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 expect xcomp 11 in in ADP _ 14 coin case 12 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 coin nmod:poss 13 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 14 coin amod 14 coin coin NOUN Number=Sing 10 paid obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 expect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 try present vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 deceive not said to happen to-infinitive vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 expect may Those vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 4 pay not said to happen to-infinitive · passive Those not said here their own coin vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP» 5 coin their = they nom coin «possession transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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