confused Who acts: thinking, I, He, you, She, cake · What happens: understand, think, happen, do, mix up, be · To what, where: something, two things, one, twins, long division, French · Speech: someone speaks here
«confused» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: confused in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Not able to understand something or think clearly; not sure what is happening or what to do.
The tree, 17 words advmod mark xcomp obj cc conj advmod punct advmod conj nsubj aux ccomp cc obj mark conj punct root Not PART able ADJ to PART understand VERB something PRON or CCONJ think VERB clearly ADV ; PUNCT not PART sure ADJ what PRON is AUX happening VERB or CCONJ what PRON to PART do VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Not not PART Polarity=Neg 2 able advmod 2 able able ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 to to PART _ 4 understand mark 4 understand understand VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 able xcomp 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 understand obj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 think cc 7 think think VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 understand conj 8 clearly clearly ADV _ 7 think advmod 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 sure punct 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 sure advmod 11 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos 2 able conj 12 what what PRON PronType=Int 14 happening nsubj 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 happening aux 14 happening happen VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 sure ccomp 15 or or CCONJ _ 18 do cc 16 what what PRON PronType=Int 18 do obj 17 to to PART _ 18 do mark 18 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 happening conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 able punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 understand to-infinitive something vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus 2 think speech: other infinitive clearly property vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 happen present · progressive vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 do to-infinitive vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Mixed up or unclear: a confused story.
csubj:pass compound:prt cc conj punct det amod punct root Mixed VERB up ADP or CCONJ unclear ADJ : PUNCT a DET confused ADJ story NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mixed mix VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 story csubj:pass 2 up up ADP _ 1 Mixed compound:prt 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 unclear cc 4 unclear unclear ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Mixed conj 5 : : PUNCT _ 8 story punct 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 story det 7 confused confused ADJ Degree=Pos 8 story amod 8 story story NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 story punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mix up participle vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Meaning 3 As a verb, mixed up two things, thinking one was the other.
The tree, 12 words case det obl punct compound:prt nummod obj punct csubj obj cop det parataxis punct root As ADP a DET verb NOUN , PUNCT mixed VERB up ADP two NUM things NOUN , PUNCT thinking VERB one NUM was AUX the DET other ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 verb case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 verb det 3 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 5 mixed obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 verb punct 5 mixed mix VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 up up ADP _ 5 mixed compound:prt 7 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 things nummod 8 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 5 mixed obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 thinking punct 10 thinking think VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 14 other csubj 11 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 thinking obj 12 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 14 other cop 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 other det 14 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 5 mixed parataxis 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 mixed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mix up participle two things as a verb vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient 2 think speech: other gerund one vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot one=Theme 3 is past thinking other property tree rules
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
I confused the twins.
nsubj det obj punct root I PRON confused VERB the DET twins NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 confused nsubj 2 confused confuse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 twins det 4 twins twin NOUN Number=Plur 2 confused obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 confused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 confuse past I the twins vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent twin=Patient
Example 1 I'm confused about how to do long division.
nsubj cop mark advmod mark advcl amod obj punct root I PRON 'm AUX confused ADJ about SCONJ how ADV to PART do VERB long ADJ division NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 confused nsubj 2 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 confused cop 3 confused confused ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 about about SCONJ _ 7 do mark 5 how how ADV PronType=Int 7 do advmod 6 to to PART _ 7 do mark 7 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 confused advcl 8 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 9 division amod 9 division division NOUN Number=Sing 7 do obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 confused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present I confused property tree rules 2 do to-infinitive I not said here long division vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent division=Eventuality
Example 2 He looked confused when I spoke French.
nsubj xcomp advmod nsubj parataxis obj punct root He PRON looked VERB confused ADJ when ADV I PRON spoke VERB French PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 looked nsubj 2 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 confused confused ADJ Degree=Pos 2 looked xcomp 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 spoke advmod 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 spoke nsubj 6 spoke speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 looked parataxis 7 French French PROPN Number=Sing 6 spoke obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past He confused property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 speak speech: other past I French tree rules
Example 3 Don't get confused between "their" and "there".
aux advmod xcomp case punct nmod:poss punct cc punct obl punct punct root Do AUX n't PART get VERB confused ADJ between ADP " PUNCT their PRON " PUNCT and CCONJ " PUNCT there ADV " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 get aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 get advmod 3 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 confused confused ADJ Degree=Pos 3 get xcomp 5 between between ADP _ 11 there case 6 " " PUNCT _ 7 their punct 7 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 there nmod:poss 8 " " PUNCT _ 7 their punct 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 there cc 10 " " PUNCT _ 11 there punct 11 there there ADV PronType=Dem 4 confused obl 12 " " PUNCT _ 11 there punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not get imperative · do-support you not said here confused property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 4 She confused salt with sugar and the cake tasted awful!
nsubj obj case nmod cc det nsubj conj xcomp punct root She PRON confused VERB salt NOUN with ADP sugar NOUN and CCONJ the DET cake NOUN tasted VERB awful ADJ ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 confused nsubj 2 confused confuse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 salt salt NOUN Number=Sing 2 confused obj 4 with with ADP _ 5 sugar case 5 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 3 salt nmod 6 and and CCONJ _ 9 tasted cc 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 cake det 8 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 9 tasted nsubj 9 tasted taste VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 confused conj 10 awful awful ADJ Degree=Pos 9 tasted xcomp 11 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 confused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 confuse past She salt with sugar vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent salt=Patient with sugar=Co-Patient 2 taste past the cake awful property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 5 Grandma got confused after she fell, so we called an ambulance.
nsubj xcomp mark nsubj advcl punct advmod nsubj conj det obj punct root Grandma NOUN got VERB confused ADJ after SCONJ she PRON fell VERB , PUNCT so ADV we PRON called VERB an DET ambulance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 2 got nsubj 2 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 confused confused ADJ Degree=Pos 2 got xcomp 4 after after SCONJ _ 6 fell mark 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 fell nsubj 6 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 got advcl 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 called punct 8 so so ADV _ 10 called advmod 9 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 called nsubj 10 called call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 got conj 11 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 ambulance det 12 ambulance ambulance NOUN Number=Sing 10 called obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past Grandma confused property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 2 fall past Grandma vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 call past we a ambulance vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent ambulance=Recipient
Example 6 The new rules confused everyone.
det amod nsubj obj punct root The DET new ADJ rules NOUN confused VERB everyone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 rules det 2 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 3 rules amod 3 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 4 confused nsubj 4 confused confuse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 4 confused obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 confused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 confuse past the new rules everyone vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everyone=Patient
Example 7 The puppy looked confused by its reflection.
det nsubj xcomp case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET puppy NOUN looked VERB confused ADJ by ADP its PRON reflection NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 puppy det 2 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked nsubj 3 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 confused confused ADJ Degree=Pos 3 looked xcomp 5 by by ADP _ 7 reflection case 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 reflection nmod:poss 7 reflection reflection NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past the puppy by puppy's reflection; confused property vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent by reflection=Theme
Example 8 Ask the teacher if you are confused.
det obj mark nsubj cop advcl punct root Ask VERB the DET teacher NOUN if SCONJ you PRON are AUX confused ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ask ask VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 teacher det 3 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 1 Ask obj 4 if if SCONJ _ 7 confused mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 confused nsubj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 confused cop 7 confused confused ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Ask advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Ask punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask imperative you not said here the teacher vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient 2 is a condition, not said to happen present you confused property tree rules
Example 9 The smith was quite confused; he knew nothing about any funeral.
det nsubj cop advmod punct nsubj conj obj case det nmod punct root The DET smith NOUN was AUX quite ADV confused ADJ ; PUNCT he PRON knew VERB nothing PRON about ADP any DET funeral NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 smith det 2 smith smith NOUN Number=Sing 5 confused nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 confused cop 4 quite quite ADV _ 5 confused advmod 5 confused confused ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 knew punct 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 knew nsubj 8 knew know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 confused conj 9 nothing nothing PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 8 knew obj 10 about about ADP _ 12 funeral case 11 any any DET PronType=Ind 12 funeral det 12 funeral funeral NOUN Number=Sing 9 nothing nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 confused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the smith confused property tree rules 2 know past he nothing about any funeral vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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