confusion Who acts: Confusion, feeling, nobody, She, you, your · What happens: be, not understand, not know, do, mix up, know · To what, where: feeling, something, messy state, things, one person, confusion · Speech: someone speaks here
«confusion» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: confusion in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Confusion is the feeling of not understanding something or not knowing what to do.
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop det mark advmod acl obj cc advmod conj obj mark xcomp punct root Confusion NOUN is AUX the DET feeling NOUN of SCONJ not PART understanding VERB something PRON or CCONJ not PART knowing VERB what PRON to PART do VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Confusion confusion NOUN Number=Sing 4 feeling nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 feeling cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 feeling det 4 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of SCONJ _ 7 understanding mark 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 understanding advmod 7 understanding understand VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 feeling acl 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 understanding obj 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 knowing cc 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 knowing advmod 11 knowing know VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 understanding conj 12 what what PRON PronType=Int 14 do obj 13 to to PART _ 14 do mark 14 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 knowing xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 feeling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Confusion the feeling tree rules 2 not understand gerund the feeling not said here something vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus 3 not know gerund the feeling not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 4 do to-infinitive the feeling not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Confusion is a messy state where things are mixed up and nobody knows what is happening.
The tree, 16 words nsubj cop det amod advmod nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl compound:prt cc nsubj conj nsubj aux ccomp punct root Confusion NOUN is AUX a DET messy ADJ state NOUN where ADV things NOUN are AUX mixed VERB up ADP and CCONJ nobody PRON knows VERB what PRON is AUX happening VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Confusion confusion NOUN Number=Sing 5 state nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 state cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 state det 4 messy messy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 state amod 5 state state NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 where where ADV PronType=Rel 9 mixed advmod 7 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 9 mixed nsubj:pass 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 mixed aux:pass 9 mixed mix VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 state advcl 10 up up ADP _ 9 mixed compound:prt 11 and and CCONJ _ 13 knows cc 12 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 13 knows nsubj 13 knows know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 mixed conj 14 what what PRON PronType=Int 16 happening nsubj 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 happening aux 16 happening happen VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 13 knows ccomp 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 state punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Confusion a messy state tree rules 2 mix up present · passive things vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 3 know present nobody vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 4 happen present · progressive vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 Confusion is mistaking one person or thing for another.
nsubj aux nummod obj cc conj case nmod punct root Confusion NOUN is AUX mistaking VERB one NUM person NOUN or CCONJ thing NOUN for ADP another DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Confusion confusion NOUN Number=Sing 3 mistaking nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 mistaking aux 3 mistaking mistake VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 person nummod 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing 3 mistaking obj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 thing cc 7 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 5 person conj 8 for for ADP _ 9 another case 9 another another DET PronType=Ind 5 person nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 mistaking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mistake present · progressive Confusion one person or thing for another tree rules
Example 1 There was some confusion about the time of the match.
expl det nsubj case det nmod case det nmod punct root There PRON was VERB some DET confusion NOUN about ADP the DET time NOUN of ADP the DET match NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 some some DET PronType=Ind 4 confusion det 4 confusion confusion NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 5 about about ADP _ 7 time case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 time det 7 time time NOUN Number=Sing 4 confusion nmod 8 of of ADP _ 10 match case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 match det 10 match match NOUN Number=Sing 7 time nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past some confusion about the time of the match there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 She stared at the map in confusion.
nsubj case det obl case obl punct root She PRON stared VERB at ADP the DET map NOUN in ADP confusion NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 stared nsubj 2 stared stare VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 5 map case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 map det 5 map map NOUN Number=Sing 2 stared obl 6 in in ADP _ 7 confusion case 7 confusion confusion NOUN Number=Sing 2 stared obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 stared punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stare past She in confusion; at the map vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at map=Theme
Example 3 To avoid confusion, write your name on your lunch box.
mark advcl obj punct nmod:poss obj case nmod:poss compound obl punct root To PART avoid VERB confusion NOUN , PUNCT write VERB your PRON name NOUN on ADP your PRON lunch NOUN box NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 avoid mark 2 avoid avoid VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 write advcl 3 confusion confusion NOUN Number=Sing 2 avoid obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 write punct 5 write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 name nmod:poss 7 name name NOUN Number=Sing 5 write obj 8 on on ADP _ 11 box case 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 box nmod:poss 10 lunch lunch NOUN Number=Sing 11 box compound 11 box box NOUN Number=Sing 5 write obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 avoid to-infinitive you not said here confusion vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent confusion=Location 2 write imperative you not said here your name your lunch box vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme on box=Destination 3 name your nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 In all the confusion, I left my coat on the bus.
case det:predet det obl punct nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root In ADP all DET the DET confusion NOUN , PUNCT I PRON left VERB my PRON coat NOUN on ADP the DET bus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 confusion case 2 all all DET PronType=Tot 4 confusion det:predet 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 confusion det 4 confusion confusion NOUN Number=Sing 7 left obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 confusion punct 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 left nsubj 7 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 coat nmod:poss 9 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 7 left obj 10 on on ADP _ 12 bus case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 bus det 12 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 7 left obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave past I my coat all confusion on the bus vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent coat=Theme in confusion=Location
Example 5 The two words sound the same, which causes confusion.
det nummod nsubj det obj punct nsubj parataxis obj punct root The DET two NUM words NOUN sound VERB the DET same ADJ , PUNCT which PRON causes VERB confusion NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 words det 2 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 words nummod 3 words word NOUN Number=Plur 4 sound nsubj 4 sound sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 same det 6 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 4 sound obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 causes punct 8 which which PRON PronType=Rel 9 causes nsubj 9 causes cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 sound parataxis 10 confusion confusion NOUN Number=Sing 9 causes obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 sound punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sound present the two words the same vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location same=Theme 2 cause present confusion vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition confusion=Patient
Example 6 After he hit his head, his confusion worried the coach.
mark nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct nmod:poss nsubj det obj punct root After SCONJ he PRON hit VERB his PRON head NOUN , PUNCT his PRON confusion NOUN worried VERB the DET coach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after SCONJ _ 3 hit mark 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 hit nsubj 3 hit hit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 worried advcl 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 head nmod:poss 5 head head NOUN Number=Sing 3 hit obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 hit punct 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 confusion nmod:poss 8 confusion confusion NOUN Number=Sing 9 worried nsubj 9 worried worry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 coach det 11 coach coach NOUN Number=Sing 9 worried obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 worried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hit past he his head vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme head=Co-Theme 2 worry past his confusion the coach vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus coach=Experiencer 3 confuse his = he nom confusion «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 The fire drill ended in noise and confusion.
det compound nsubj case obl cc conj punct root The DET fire NOUN drill NOUN ended VERB in ADP noise NOUN and CCONJ confusion NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 drill det 2 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 3 drill compound 3 drill drill NOUN Number=Sing 4 ended nsubj 4 ended end VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 in in ADP _ 6 noise case 6 noise noise NOUN Number=Sing 4 ended obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 confusion cc 8 confusion confusion NOUN Number=Sing 6 noise conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 ended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 end past the fire drill noise and confusion vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 8 Ask your teacher if the question fills you with confusion.
nmod:poss obj mark det nsubj advcl obj case obl punct root Ask VERB your PRON teacher NOUN if SCONJ the DET question NOUN fills VERB you PRON with ADP confusion NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ask ask VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 teacher nmod:poss 3 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 1 Ask obj 4 if if SCONJ _ 7 fills mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 question det 6 question question NOUN Number=Sing 7 fills nsubj 7 fills fill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Ask advcl 8 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 fills obj 9 with with ADP _ 10 confusion case 10 confusion confusion NOUN Number=Sing 7 fills obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Ask punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask imperative you not said here your teacher vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient 2 fill a condition, not said to happen present the question you with confusion vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent you=Patient with confusion=Instrument
Example 9 The confusion spread wider and wider.
det nsubj advmod cc conj punct root The DET confusion NOUN spread VERB wider ADV and CCONJ wider ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 confusion det 2 confusion confusion NOUN Number=Sing 3 spread nsubj 3 spread spread VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 wider wide ADV Degree=Cmp 3 spread advmod 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 wider cc 6 wider wide ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 wider conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 spread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spread past the confusion wide property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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