constantinople Who acts: Constantinople, It, Hagia, Ottoman Turks, Merchants, Maximus · What happens: be, call, name, have, keep out, capture · To what, where: old name, Bosphorus strait, capital, Constantinople, city, great church · Speech: someone speaks here
«constantinople» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: constantinople in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.
Constantinople was the old name of the great city on the Bosphorus strait that is now called Istanbul, in Turkey.
The tree, 20 words nsubj cop det amod case det amod nmod case det compound nmod nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod acl:relcl xcomp punct case conj punct root Constantinople PROPN was AUX the DET old ADJ name NOUN of ADP the DET great ADJ city NOUN on ADP the DET Bosphorus PROPN strait NOUN that PRON is AUX now ADV called VERB Istanbul PROPN , PUNCT in ADP Turkey PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Constantinople Constantinople PROPN Number=Sing 5 name nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 name cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 name det 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 name amod 5 name name NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 9 city case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 city det 8 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 9 city amod 9 city city NOUN Number=Sing 5 name nmod 10 on on ADP _ 13 strait case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 strait det 12 Bosphorus Bosphorus PROPN Number=Sing 13 strait compound 13 strait strait NOUN Number=Sing 9 city nmod 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 17 called nsubj:pass 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 called aux:pass 16 now now ADV PronType=Dem 17 called advmod 17 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 strait acl:relcl 18 Istanbul Istanbul PROPN Number=Sing 17 called xcomp 19 , , PUNCT _ 21 Turkey punct 20 in in ADP _ 21 Turkey case 21 Turkey Turkey PROPN Number=Sing 17 called conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 name punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Constantinople the old name of the great city on the Bosphorus strait tree rules 2 call present · passive the Bosphorus strait now vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 It was the capital of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire and later of the Ottoman Empire.
The tree, 16 words nsubj cop det case det amod nmod punct conj punct flat cc advmod case det compound conj punct root It PRON was AUX the DET capital NOUN of ADP the DET Eastern ADJ Roman PROPN ( PUNCT Byzantine PROPN ) PUNCT Empire PROPN and CCONJ later ADV of ADP the DET Ottoman PROPN Empire PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 capital nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 capital cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 capital det 4 capital capital NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 8 Roman case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 Roman det 7 Eastern Eastern ADJ Degree=Pos 8 Roman amod 8 Roman Roman PROPN Number=Sing 4 capital nmod 9 ( ( PUNCT _ 10 Byzantine punct 10 Byzantine Byzantine PROPN Number=Sing 8 Roman conj 11 ) ) PUNCT _ 10 Byzantine punct 12 Empire Empire PROPN Number=Sing 10 Byzantine flat 13 and and CCONJ _ 18 Empire cc 14 later late ADV Degree=Cmp 18 Empire advmod 15 of of ADP _ 18 Empire case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 Empire det 17 Ottoman Ottoman PROPN Number=Sing 18 Empire compound 18 Empire Empire PROPN Number=Sing 10 Byzantine conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 capital punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past It the capital of the Eastern Roman and Byzantine and the Ottoman Empire tree rules
Example 1 Constantinople was named after the emperor Constantine.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl appos punct root Constantinople PROPN was AUX named VERB after ADP the DET emperor NOUN Constantine PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Constantinople Constantinople PROPN Number=Sing 3 named nsubj:pass 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 named aux:pass 3 named name VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 after after ADP _ 6 emperor case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 emperor det 6 emperor emperor NOUN Number=Sing 3 named obl 7 Constantine Constantine PROPN Number=Sing 6 emperor appos 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 named punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 name past · passive Constantinople after the emperor vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 2 The city of Constantinople is now called Istanbul.
det nsubj:pass case nmod aux:pass advmod xcomp punct root The DET city NOUN of ADP Constantinople PROPN is AUX now ADV called VERB Istanbul PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 city det 2 city city NOUN Number=Sing 7 called nsubj:pass 3 of of ADP _ 4 Constantinople case 4 Constantinople Constantinople PROPN Number=Sing 2 city nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 called aux:pass 6 now now ADV PronType=Dem 7 called advmod 7 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 Istanbul Istanbul PROPN Number=Sing 7 called xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive the city of Constantinople now vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 3 Hagia Sophia was the great church of Constantinople.
nsubj flat cop det amod case nmod punct root Hagia PROPN Sophia PROPN was AUX the DET great ADJ church NOUN of ADP Constantinople PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hagia Hagia PROPN Number=Sing 6 church nsubj 2 Sophia Sophia PROPN Number=Sing 1 Hagia flat 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 church cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 church det 5 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 6 church amod 6 church church NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 Constantinople case 8 Constantinople Constantinople PROPN Number=Sing 6 church nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 church punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Hagia the great church of Constantinople tree rules
Example 4 Constantinople had enormous walls to keep out enemies.
nsubj amod obj mark advcl compound:prt obj punct root Constantinople PROPN had VERB enormous ADJ walls NOUN to PART keep VERB out ADP enemies NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Constantinople Constantinople PROPN Number=Sing 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 enormous enormous ADJ Degree=Pos 4 walls amod 4 walls wall NOUN Number=Plur 2 had obj 5 to to PART _ 6 keep mark 6 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 had advcl 7 out out ADP _ 6 keep compound:prt 8 enemies enemy NOUN Number=Plur 6 keep obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past Constantinople enormous walls vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Patient 2 keep out to-infinitive Constantinople not said here enemies vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Theme
Example 5 The Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople with huge cannons.
det amod nsubj obj case amod obl punct root The DET Ottoman ADJ Turks PROPN captured VERB Constantinople PROPN with ADP huge ADJ cannons NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Turks det 2 Ottoman ottoman ADJ Degree=Pos 3 Turks amod 3 Turks Turk PROPN Number=Plur 4 captured nsubj 4 captured capture VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 Constantinople Constantinople PROPN Number=Sing 4 captured obj 6 with with ADP _ 8 cannons case 7 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 8 cannons amod 8 cannons cannon NOUN Number=Plur 4 captured obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 captured punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 capture past the Ottoman Turks Constantinople with huge cannons vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent constantinople=Theme
Example 6 Merchants from many lands traded in Constantinople.
nsubj case amod nmod case obl punct root Merchants NOUN from ADP many ADJ lands NOUN traded VERB in ADP Constantinople PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Merchants merchant NOUN Number=Plur 5 traded nsubj 2 from from ADP _ 4 lands case 3 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 4 lands amod 4 lands land NOUN Number=Plur 1 Merchants nmod 5 traded trade VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 in in ADP _ 7 Constantinople case 7 Constantinople Constantinople PROPN Number=Sing 5 traded obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 traded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trade past Merchants from many lands Constantinople vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Before it was Constantinople, the town was called Byzantium.
case nsubj cop obl punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass xcomp punct root Before ADP it PRON was AUX Constantinople PROPN , PUNCT the DET town NOUN was AUX called VERB Byzantium PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Before before ADP _ 4 Constantinople case 2 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 Constantinople nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 Constantinople cop 4 Constantinople Constantinople PROPN Number=Sing 9 called obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 Constantinople punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 town det 7 town town NOUN Number=Sing 9 called nsubj:pass 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 called aux:pass 9 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 10 Byzantium Byzantium PROPN Number=Sing 9 called xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 9 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past it before Constantinople tree rules 2 call past · passive the town vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 8 Maximus Planudes, a learned monk of Constantinople, made a collection of about a hundred and fifty of these fables.
The tree, 19 words nsubj flat punct det amod appos case nmod punct det obj case advmod det nmod cc conj case det nmod punct root Maximus PROPN Planudes PROPN , PUNCT a DET learned VERB monk NOUN of ADP Constantinople PROPN , PUNCT made VERB a DET collection NOUN of ADP about ADV a DET hundred NUM and CCONJ fifty NUM of ADP these DET fables NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Maximus Maximus PROPN Number=Sing 10 made nsubj 2 Planudes Planude PROPN Number=Plur 1 Maximus flat 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 monk punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 monk det 5 learned learn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 monk amod 6 monk monk NOUN Number=Sing 1 Maximus appos 7 of of ADP _ 8 Constantinople case 8 Constantinople Constantinople PROPN Number=Sing 6 monk nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 1 Maximus punct 10 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 collection det 12 collection collection NOUN Number=Sing 10 made obj 13 of of ADP _ 16 hundred case 14 about about ADV _ 16 hundred advmod 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 hundred det 16 hundred hundred NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 12 collection nmod 17 and and CCONJ _ 18 fifty cc 18 fifty fifty NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 16 hundred conj 19 of of ADP _ 21 fables case 20 these this DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 21 fables det 21 fables fable NOUN Number=Plur 18 fifty nmod 22 . . PUNCT _ 10 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn participle vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 make past Maximus a collection of a hundred vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent collection=Product
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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