constraint

Who acts: you, answer, we, constraint, Money constraints, design brief · What happens: limit, control, do, follow, hold back, lack · To what, where: time constraints, rule, feelings, freedom, one museum, constraint · Speech: someone speaks here

«constraint» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: constraint in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Something that limits or controls what you can do (time constraints, money constraints).

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	root	root
2	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 limits	nsubj
3	limits	limit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Something	acl:relcl
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 controls	cc
5	controls	control	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 limits	conj
6	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	9 do	obj
7	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 do	nsubj
8	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 do	aux
9	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 controls	ccomp
10	(	(	PUNCT	_	12 constraints	punct
11	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 constraints	compound
12	constraints	constraint	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 do	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 constraints	punct
14	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 constraints	compound
15	constraints	constraint	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 constraints	conj
16	)	)	PUNCT	_	12 constraints	punct
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Something	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	limit	present			vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer
2	control	present			vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	do	can	you	time constraints and money constraints	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: maths, design — kept apart, not parsed.

A condition or rule that an answer or design must follow.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 condition	det
2	condition	condition	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 rule	cc
4	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 condition	conj
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 follow	mark
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 answer	det
7	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 follow	nsubj
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 design	cc
9	design	design	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 answer	conj
10	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 follow	aux
11	follow	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 rule	acl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 condition	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	must	a answer or design	rule not said here					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Theme

Meaning 3

Holding back your feelings or actions; a lack of freedom.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Holding	hold	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	back	back	ADV	_	1 Holding	advmod
3	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 feelings	nmod:poss
4	feelings	feeling	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Holding	obj
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 actions	cc
6	actions	action	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 feelings	conj
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 lack	punct
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 lack	det
9	lack	lack	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Holding	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 freedom	case
11	freedom	freedom	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 lack	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Holding	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold back	gerund		your feelings or actions				a lack of freedom obl	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feeling=Theme
2	lack			freedom					nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient

Example 1

Because of time constraints, we could only visit one museum.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	4 constraints	case
2	of	of	ADP	_	1 Because	fixed
3	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 constraints	compound
4	constraints	constraint	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 visit	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 constraints	punct
6	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	9 visit	nsubj
7	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 visit	aux
8	only	only	ADV	_	9 visit	advmod
9	visit	visit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 museum	nummod
11	museum	museum	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 visit	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 visit	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	visit	could	we	one museum				because time constraints	vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent museum=Co-Agent

Example 2

The constraint was that the bridge must hold 1 kg.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 constraint	det
2	constraint	constraint	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hold	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 hold	cop
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 hold	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bridge	det
6	bridge	bridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hold	nsubj
7	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 hold	aux
8	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
9	1	1	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 kg	nummod
10	kg	kg	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 hold	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 hold	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	must · past	the constraint					hold property	tree rules

Example 3

Money constraints mean we can't go abroad this year.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constraints	compound
2	constraints	constraint	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 mean	nsubj
3	mean	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 go	nsubj
5	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 go	aux
6	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 go	advmod
7	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 mean	ccomp
8	abroad	abroad	ADV	_	7 go	advmod
9	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	10 year	det
10	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 go	obl:unmarked
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Money constraints						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not go	can	we				year	abroad property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 4

In the puzzle, the constraint is that each number is used once.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 puzzle	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 puzzle	det
3	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 used	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 puzzle	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 constraint	det
6	constraint	constraint	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 used	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 used	cop
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 used	mark
9	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	10 number	det
10	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 used	nsubj:pass
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 used	aux:pass
12	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
13	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	12 used	advmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present · passive		the constraint		the puzzle		once, use property	tree rules

Example 5

A design brief lists all the constraints.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 brief	det
2	design	design	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 brief	compound
3	brief	brief	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lists	nsubj
4	lists	list	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 constraints	det:predet
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 constraints	det
7	constraints	constraint	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lists	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 lists	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	list	present	a design brief	all constraints					tree rules

Example 6

He spoke without constraint about his feelings.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 spoke	nsubj
2	spoke	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	without	without	ADP	_	4 constraint	case
4	constraint	constraint	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spoke	obl
5	about	about	ADP	_	7 feelings	case
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 feelings	nmod:poss
7	feelings	feeling	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 constraint	nmod
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 spoke	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	past	He					without constraint about his feelings	vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 7

He, however, only laughed at her advice, saying, that his father had always kept him in too great constraint, and that now he rejoiced at his new-found liberty.

The tree, 29 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 laughed	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 He	punct
3	however	however	ADV	_	6 laughed	advmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 however	punct
5	only	only	ADV	_	6 laughed	advmod
6	laughed	laugh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	at	at	ADP	_	9 advice	case
8	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 advice	nmod:poss
9	advice	advice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 laughed	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 saying	punct
11	saying	say	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 laughed	parataxis
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 kept	punct
13	that	that	SCONJ	_	18 kept	mark
14	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 father	nmod:poss
15	father	father	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 kept	nsubj:pass
16	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 kept	aux
17	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	18 kept	advmod
18	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 saying	ccomp
19	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 kept	obj
20	in	in	ADP	_	23 constraint	case
21	too	too	ADV	_	22 great	advmod
22	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 constraint	amod
23	constraint	constraint	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 kept	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 rejoiced	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 rejoiced	cc
26	that	that	SCONJ	_	27 now	mark
27	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	29 rejoiced	advmod
28	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 rejoiced	nsubj
29	rejoiced	rejoice	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 laughed	conj
30	at	at	ADP	_	35 liberty	case
31	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	35 liberty	nmod:poss
32	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 found	amod
33	-	-	PUNCT	_	32 new	punct
34	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	35 liberty	amod
35	liberty	liberty	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 rejoiced	obl
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 laughed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	laugh	past	He		her advice		however property	vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	say speech: assert	gerund						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	keep	past · perfect · passive		his father	great constraint		always property	vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme he=Attribute
4	rejoice	past	he		his found liberty	now		vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
5	find	participle						vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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