copy Who acts: copy, thing, shop, answers, pupil, you · What happens: be, make, copy, print, sell, do · To what, where: thing, page, one, 150 copies, same, test · Speech: someone speaks here
«copy» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: copy in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A copy is a thing made to be the same as another one, like a copy of a page or a photo.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det acl mark cop det xcomp case det obl punct case det appos case det nmod cc det conj punct root A DET copy NOUN is AUX a DET thing NOUN made VERB to PART be AUX the DET same ADJ as ADP another DET one NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET copy NOUN of ADP a DET page NOUN or CCONJ a DET photo NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 copy det 2 copy copy NOUN Number=Sing 5 thing nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 thing cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 thing det 5 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 thing acl 7 to to PART _ 10 same mark 8 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 10 same cop 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 same det 10 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 6 made xcomp 11 as as ADP _ 13 one case 12 another another DET PronType=Ind 13 one det 13 one one NOUN Number=Sing 10 same obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 copy punct 15 like like ADP _ 17 copy case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 copy det 17 copy copy NOUN Number=Sing 5 thing appos 18 of of ADP _ 20 page case 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 page det 20 page page NOUN Number=Sing 17 copy nmod 21 or or CCONJ _ 23 photo cc 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 photo det 23 photo photo NOUN Number=Sing 20 page conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 5 thing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a copy a thing tree rules 2 make participle a thing not said here vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 3 is to-infinitive a thing not said here as another one; same property tree rules 4 copy a page or a photo nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A copy is also one of many printed books, newspapers or games of the same kind: the shop sold 150 copies.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop advmod case amod amod nmod punct conj cc conj case det amod nmod punct det nsubj conj nummod obj punct root A DET copy NOUN is AUX also ADV one NUM of ADP many ADJ printed VERB books NOUN , PUNCT newspapers NOUN or CCONJ games NOUN of ADP the DET same ADJ kind NOUN : PUNCT the DET shop NOUN sold VERB 150 NUM copies NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 copy det 2 copy copy NOUN Number=Sing 5 one nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 one cop 4 also also ADV _ 5 one advmod 5 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 6 of of ADP _ 9 books case 7 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 9 books amod 8 printed print VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 books amod 9 books book NOUN Number=Plur 5 one nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 newspapers punct 11 newspapers newspaper NOUN Number=Plur 9 books conj 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 games cc 13 games game NOUN Number=Plur 9 books conj 14 of of ADP _ 17 kind case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 kind det 16 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 17 kind amod 17 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 13 games nmod 18 : : PUNCT _ 21 sold punct 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 shop det 20 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 21 sold nsubj 21 sold sell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 one conj 22 150 150 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 23 copies nummod 23 copies copy NOUN Number=Plur 21 sold obj 24 . . PUNCT _ 5 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a copy one of many printed books and newspapers or games of the same kind tree rules 2 print participle vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 sell past the shop 150 copies vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent copy=Theme
Meaning 3 To copy is to make a thing the same as another, or to do the same as someone else.
The tree, 19 words mark csubj cop mark det obj det xcomp case obl punct cc mark conj det obj case obl advmod punct root To PART copy VERB is AUX to PART make VERB a DET thing NOUN the DET same ADJ as ADP another DET , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART do VERB the DET same ADJ as ADP someone PRON else ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 copy mark 2 copy copy VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 make csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 make cop 4 to to PART _ 5 make mark 5 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 thing det 7 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 5 make obj 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 same det 9 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 5 make xcomp 10 as as ADP _ 11 another case 11 another another DET PronType=Ind 9 same obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 do punct 13 or or CCONJ _ 15 do cc 14 to to PART _ 15 do mark 15 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 make conj 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 same det 17 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 15 do obj 18 as as ADP _ 19 someone case 19 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 15 do obl 20 else else ADV _ 19 someone advmod 21 . . PUNCT _ 5 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 copy to-infinitive vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 is present make, same property tree rules 3 do to-infinitive the same as someone vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent same=Eventuality
Meaning 4 To copy in a test is to take another pupil's answers, which is cheating.
The tree, 15 words mark advcl case det obl cop mark det nmod:poss case obj punct nsubj aux acl punct root To PART copy VERB in ADP a DET test NOUN is AUX to PART take VERB another DET pupil NOUN 's PART answers NOUN , PUNCT which PRON is AUX cheating VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 copy mark 2 copy copy VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 take advcl 3 in in ADP _ 5 test case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 test det 5 test test NOUN Number=Sing 2 copy obl 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 take cop 7 to to PART _ 8 take mark 8 take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 another another DET PronType=Ind 10 pupil det 10 pupil pupil NOUN Number=Sing 12 answers nmod:poss 11 's 's PART _ 10 pupil case 12 answers answer NOUN Number=Plur 8 take obj 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 cheating punct 14 which which PRON PronType=Rel 16 cheating nsubj 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 cheating aux 16 cheating cheat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 answers acl 17 . . PUNCT _ 8 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 copy to-infinitive a test vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in test=Destination 2 is present take property tree rules 3 cheat present · progressive another pupil's answers vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4 answer another pupil nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Meaning 5 A copy can also be a model of good writing or drawing that you try to follow exactly.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj aux advmod cop det case amod nmod cc conj mark nsubj advcl mark xcomp advmod punct root A DET copy NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX a DET model NOUN of ADP good ADJ writing NOUN or CCONJ drawing VERB that SCONJ you PRON try VERB to PART follow VERB exactly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 copy det 2 copy copy NOUN Number=Sing 7 model nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 model aux 4 also also ADV _ 7 model advmod 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 model cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 model det 7 model model NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 10 writing case 9 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 10 writing amod 10 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 7 model nmod 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 drawing cc 12 drawing draw VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 writing conj 13 that that SCONJ _ 15 try mark 14 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 try nsubj 15 try try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 drawing advcl 16 to to PART _ 17 follow mark 17 follow follow VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 try xcomp 18 exactly exactly ADV _ 17 follow advmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 7 model punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can a copy a model of good writing tree rules 2 draw gerund a copy not said here vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 try present you vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 4 follow not said to happen to-infinitive you not said here exactly property vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The machine prints 20 copies a minute.
det nsubj nummod obj det nmod:unmarked punct root The DET machine NOUN prints VERB 20 NUM copies NOUN a DET minute NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 machine det 2 machine machine NOUN Number=Sing 3 prints nsubj 3 prints print VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 copies nummod 5 copies copy NOUN Number=Plur 3 prints obj 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 minute det 7 minute minute NOUN Number=Sing 5 copies nmod:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 prints punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 print present the machine 20 copies a minute vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent copy=Theme
Example 2 She made 3 copies of each page.
nsubj nummod obj case det nmod punct root She PRON made VERB 3 NUM copies NOUN of ADP each DET page NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 copies nummod 4 copies copy NOUN Number=Plur 2 made obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 page case 6 each each DET PronType=Tot 7 page det 7 page page NOUN Number=Sing 4 copies nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past She 3 copies of each page vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent copy=Product 2 copy each page nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 3 The shop sold 150 copies of the book.
det nsubj nummod obj case det nmod punct root The DET shop NOUN sold VERB 150 NUM copies NOUN of ADP the DET book NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shop det 2 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 3 sold nsubj 3 sold sell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 150 150 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 copies nummod 5 copies copy NOUN Number=Plur 3 sold obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 book case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 book det 8 book book NOUN Number=Sing 5 copies nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 sold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sell past the shop 150 copies of the book vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent copy=Theme 2 copy the book nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 4 How many copies for 25 pupils?
advmod amod case nummod nmod punct root How ADV many ADJ copies NOUN for ADP 25 NUM pupils NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 copies amod 3 copies copy NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 for for ADP _ 6 pupils case 5 25 25 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 pupils nummod 6 pupils pupil NOUN Number=Plur 3 copies nmod 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 copies punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 5 Copy the sentence from the board into your book.
det obj case det obl case nmod:poss obl punct root Copy VERB the DET sentence NOUN from ADP the DET board NOUN into ADP your PRON book NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Copy copy VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 sentence det 3 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 1 Copy obj 4 from from ADP _ 6 board case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 board det 6 board board NOUN Number=Sing 1 Copy obl 7 into into ADP _ 9 book case 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 book nmod:poss 9 book book NOUN Number=Sing 1 Copy obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Copy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 copy imperative you not said here the sentence the board into your book vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sentence=Theme into book=Destination
Example 6 My little brother copies everything I do.
nmod:poss amod nsubj obj nsubj acl:relcl punct root My PRON little ADJ brother NOUN copies VERB everything PRON I PRON do VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 brother nmod:poss 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 brother amod 3 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 4 copies nsubj 4 copies copy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 everything everything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 4 copies obj 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 do nsubj 7 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 everything acl:relcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 copies punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 copy present My little brother everything vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everything=Theme 2 do present I vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Do not copy your friend's answers in the test.
aux advmod nmod:poss nmod:poss case obj case det obl punct root Do AUX not PART copy VERB your PRON friend NOUN 's PART answers NOUN in ADP the DET test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 copy aux 2 not not PART Polarity=Neg 3 copy advmod 3 copy copy VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 friend nmod:poss 5 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 7 answers nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 friend case 7 answers answer NOUN Number=Plur 3 copy obj 8 in in ADP _ 10 test case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 test det 10 test test NOUN Number=Sing 3 copy obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 copy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not copy imperative · do-support you not said here your friend's answers the test vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent answer=Theme in test=Destination 2 answer your friend nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 Select the picture, then copy and paste it.
det obj punct advmod parataxis cc conj obj punct root Select VERB the DET picture NOUN , PUNCT then ADV copy VERB and CCONJ paste VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Select select VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 picture det 3 picture picture NOUN Number=Sing 1 Select obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 copy punct 5 then then ADV PronType=Dem 6 copy advmod 6 copy copy VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Select parataxis 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 paste cc 8 paste paste VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 copy conj 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 paste obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Select punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 select imperative you not said here the picture vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Theme 2 copy infinitive then vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 paste infinitive picture vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Example 9 The museum shows a copy of a famous painting.
det nsubj det obj case det amod nmod punct root The DET museum NOUN shows VERB a DET copy NOUN of ADP a DET famous ADJ painting NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 museum det 2 museum museum NOUN Number=Sing 3 shows nsubj 3 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 copy det 5 copy copy NOUN Number=Sing 3 shows obj 6 of of ADP _ 9 painting case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 painting det 8 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 9 painting amod 9 painting painting NOUN Number=Sing 5 copy nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present the museum a copy of a famous painting vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent copy=Recipient 2 copy a famous painting nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 10 "See, this is the way you should hold yourselves," said the copy.
The tree, 12 words punct ccomp punct nsubj cop det obl nsubj aux acl:relcl obj punct punct det obj punct root " PUNCT See VERB , PUNCT this PRON is AUX the DET way NOUN you PRON should AUX hold VERB yourselves PRON , PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB the DET copy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 See punct 2 See see VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 said ccomp 3 , , PUNCT _ 7 way punct 4 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 way nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 way cop 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 way det 7 way way NOUN Number=Sing 2 See obl 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 hold nsubj 9 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 hold aux 10 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 way acl:relcl 11 yourselves yourselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 10 hold obj 12 , , PUNCT _ 2 See punct 13 " " PUNCT _ 2 See punct 14 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 copy det 16 copy copy NOUN Number=Sing 14 said obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 14 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see in a quote infinitive vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 is a in a quote present this the way tree rules 3 hold in a quote should you yourselves vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourselves=Theme 4 say speech: assert past the copy vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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