couch

Who acts: room, person, We, you, doctor, uncle · What happens: sit on, pad, lie on, sit, watch, do · To what, where: TV, little exercise, something, certain way, polite words, couch

«couch» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: couch in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A long comfortable seat for two or more people to sit on; a sofa.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 seat	det
2	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 seat	amod
3	comfortable	comfortable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 seat	amod
4	seat	seat	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 two	case
6	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 seat	nmod
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 people	cc
8	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 people	amod
9	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 seat	conj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 sit	mark
11	sit	sit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 people	acl
12	on	on	ADP	_	11 sit	compound:prt
13	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 sofa	punct
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 sofa	det
15	sofa	sofa	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 seat	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 seat	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sit on	to-infinitive							vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A long padded seat or bed in a doctor's room for lying on.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 seat	det
2	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 seat	amod
3	padded	pad	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 seat	amod
4	seat	seat	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 bed	cc
6	bed	bed	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 seat	conj
7	in	in	ADP	_	11 room	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 doctor	det
9	doctor	doctor	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 room	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 doctor	case
11	room	room	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 seat	nmod
12	for	for	SCONJ	_	13 lying	mark
13	lying	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 room	acl
14	on	on	ADP	_	13 lying	compound:prt
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 seat	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pad	participle							vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	lie on	gerund	a doctor's room not said here						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Meaning 3

Couch potato (informal): a person who sits watching TV a lot and does little exercise.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Couch	couch	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 potato	compound
2	potato	potato	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	(	(	PUNCT	_	4 informal	punct
4	informal	informal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 potato	amod
5	)	)	PUNCT	_	4 informal	punct
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 person	punct
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 person	det
8	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 potato	conj
9	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 sits	nsubj
10	sits	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 person	acl:relcl
11	watching	watch	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 sits	xcomp
12	TV	TV	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 watching	obj
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 lot	det
14	lot	lot	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 watching	obl
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 does	cc
16	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 sits	conj
17	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 exercise	amod
18	exercise	exercise	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 does	obj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 potato	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	sit	present	a person			tree rules
2	watch	gerund	a person not said here	TV	a lot obl	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tv=Theme
3	do	present	a person not said here	little exercise		vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exercise=Eventuality

Meaning 4

Usage: verb, formal — kept apart, not parsed.

To express something in a certain way: couched in polite words.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 express	mark
2	express	express	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 express	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 way	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 way	det
6	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 way	amod
7	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 express	obl
8	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 couched	punct
9	couched	couch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 way	acl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 words	case
11	polite	polite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 words	amod
12	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 couched	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 express	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	express	to-infinitive		something		a certain way			vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme
2	couch	participle		a certain way not said here		polite words			tree rules

Example 1

We all sat on the couch to watch the film.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 sat	nsubj
2	all	all	ADV	_	3 sat	advmod
3	sat	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 couch	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 couch	det
6	couch	couch	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sat	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 watch	mark
8	watch	watch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 sat	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 film	det
10	film	film	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 watch	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sat	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sit	past	We			the couch		all property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on couch=Location
2	watch	to-infinitive	We not said here	the film					vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent film=Theme

Example 2

The dog isn't allowed on the couch.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 dog	det
2	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 allowed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 allowed	aux:pass
4	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 allowed	advmod
5	allowed	allow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 couch	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 couch	det
8	couch	couch	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 allowed	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 allowed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not allow	present · passive		the dog		the couch			vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary

Example 3

Don't be a couch potato — go outside and play!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 potato	advmod
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 potato	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 potato	det
5	couch	couch	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 potato	compound
6	potato	potato	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Do	obl
7	—	-	PUNCT	_	8 go	punct
8	go	go	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	6 potato	parataxis
9	outside	outside	ADV	_	8 go	advmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 play	cc
11	play	play	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	8 go	conj
12	!	!	PUNCT	_	1 Do	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	do	imperative	you not said here			vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	not is a	infinitive		a couch potato		tree rules
3	go	infinitive			outside property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	play	infinitive				vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 4

The doctor asked me to lie on the couch.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 doctor	det
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 asked	nsubj
3	asked	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 asked	iobj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 lie	mark
6	lie	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 asked	xcomp
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 couch	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 couch	det
9	couch	couch	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lie	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 asked	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	past	the doctor		me				vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic
2	lie not said to happen	to-infinitive	the doctor not said here			the couch			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on couch=Location

Example 5

My uncle slept on the couch when he visited.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 uncle	nmod:poss
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 slept	nsubj
3	slept	sleep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 couch	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 couch	det
6	couch	couch	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 slept	obl
7	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	9 visited	advmod
8	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 visited	nsubj
9	visited	visit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 slept	advcl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 slept	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	participle	My uncle			the couch			vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	visit	past	uncle						vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 6

(formal) The letter was couched in very polite language.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 formal	punct
2	formal	formal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 letter	amod
3	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 formal	punct
4	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 letter	det
5	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 couched	nsubj:pass
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 couched	aux:pass
7	couched	couch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	in	in	ADP	_	11 language	case
9	very	very	ADV	_	10 polite	advmod
10	polite	polite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 language	amod
11	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 couched	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 couched	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	couch	past · passive		the formal letter		polite language			tree rules

Example 7

In he came flying, and lay down beneath the cushions of my couch."

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	SCONJ	_	3 came	mark
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 came	nsubj
3	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 lay	advcl
4	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 came	xcomp
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 lay	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 lay	cc
7	lay	lay	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	down	down	ADV	_	7 lay	advmod
9	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	11 cushions	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 cushions	det
11	cushions	cushion	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 lay	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 couch	case
13	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 couch	nmod:poss
14	couch	couch	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 cushions	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 lay	punct
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 lay	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	come	past	he			tree rules
2	fly	gerund	he not said here			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	lay down	imperative	you not said here	the cushions of my couch	down property	vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent beneath cushion=Destination

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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