cough Who acts: something, you, cough, illness, machine, engine · What happens: cough, be, make, cover, have, give · To what, where: lungs, throat, action, illness, you, lot
«cough» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cough in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To cough is to push air out of your lungs suddenly with a loud noise, often because something is in your throat or you are ill.
The tree, 26 words mark csubj cop mark obj case case nmod:poss obl advmod case det amod obl punct advmod mark nsubj cop case nmod:poss obl cc nsubj cop conj punct root To PART cough VERB is AUX to PART push VERB air NOUN out ADP of ADP your PRON lungs NOUN suddenly ADV with ADP a DET loud ADJ noise NOUN , PUNCT often ADV because SCONJ something PRON is AUX in ADP your PRON throat NOUN or CCONJ you PRON are AUX ill ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 cough mark 2 cough cough VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 push csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 push cop 4 to to PART _ 5 push mark 5 push push VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 air air NOUN Number=Sing 5 push obj 7 out out ADP _ 10 lungs case 8 of of ADP _ 10 lungs case 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 lungs nmod:poss 10 lungs lung NOUN Number=Plur 5 push obl 11 suddenly suddenly ADV _ 5 push advmod 12 with with ADP _ 15 noise case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 noise det 14 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 15 noise amod 15 noise noise NOUN Number=Sing 5 push obl 16 , , PUNCT _ 23 throat punct 17 often often ADV _ 23 throat advmod 18 because because SCONJ _ 23 throat mark 19 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 23 throat nsubj 20 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 23 throat cop 21 in in ADP _ 23 throat case 22 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 23 throat nmod:poss 23 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing 5 push obl 24 or or CCONJ _ 27 ill cc 25 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 27 ill nsubj 26 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 27 ill cop 27 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos 23 throat conj 28 . . PUNCT _ 5 push punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cough to-infinitive vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present your lungs with a loud noise; push, suddenly property tree rules 3 is present something your throat often property tree rules 4 is present you ill property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A cough is this action or sound.
det nsubj cop det cc conj punct root A DET cough NOUN is AUX this DET action NOUN or CCONJ sound NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cough det 2 cough cough NOUN Number=Sing 5 action nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 action cop 4 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 action det 5 action action NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 sound cc 7 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 5 action conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 action punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a cough this action or sound tree rules
Meaning 3 A cough is an illness that makes you cough a lot.
det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl obj xcomp det obj punct root A DET cough NOUN is AUX an DET illness NOUN that PRON makes VERB you PRON cough VERB a DET lot NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cough det 2 cough cough NOUN Number=Sing 5 illness nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 illness cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 illness det 5 illness illness NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 makes nsubj 7 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 illness acl:relcl 8 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 makes obj 9 cough cough VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 makes xcomp 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 lot det 11 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 9 cough obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 illness punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a cough a illness tree rules 2 make present a illness you tree rules 3 cough infinitive you not said here a lot vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme
Meaning 4 A machine or engine coughs when it makes a rough sound.
det nsubj cc conj advmod nsubj advcl det amod obj punct root A DET machine NOUN or CCONJ engine NOUN coughs VERB when ADV it PRON makes VERB a DET rough ADJ sound NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 machine det 2 machine machine NOUN Number=Sing 5 coughs nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 engine cc 4 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 2 machine conj 5 coughs cough VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 makes advmod 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 makes nsubj 8 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 coughs advcl 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 sound det 10 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 11 sound amod 11 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 8 makes obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 coughs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cough present a machine or engine vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 make present engine a rough sound vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material sound=Product
Example 1 Cover your mouth when you cough.
nmod:poss obj advmod nsubj advcl punct root Cover VERB your PRON mouth NOUN when ADV you PRON cough VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cover cover VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 mouth nmod:poss 3 mouth mouth NOUN Number=Sing 1 Cover obj 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 cough advmod 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 cough nsubj 6 cough cough VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Cover advcl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Cover punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover imperative you not said here your mouth vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme mouth=Destination 2 cough present you vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 I've had a cough all week.
nsubj aux det obj det obl punct root I PRON 've AUX had VERB a DET cough NOUN all DET week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 had nsubj 2 've have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 had aux 3 had have VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 cough det 5 cough cough NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 6 all all DET PronType=Tot 7 week det 7 week week NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present · perfect I a cough week vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cough=Patient
Example 3 The smoke made us cough.
det nsubj obj xcomp punct root The DET smoke NOUN made VERB us PRON cough VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 smoke det 2 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 made obj 5 cough cough VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 made xcomp 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the smoke us tree rules 2 cough infinitive us not said here vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 The doctor gave me cough medicine.
det nsubj iobj xcomp obj punct root The DET doctor NOUN gave VERB me PRON cough VERB medicine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 doctor det 2 doctor doctor NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 gave iobj 5 cough cough VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 gave xcomp 6 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing 5 cough obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the doctor me tree rules 2 cough infinitive the doctor not said here medicine vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent medicine=Theme
Example 5 He coughed politely to get our attention.
nsubj advmod mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct root He PRON coughed VERB politely ADV to PART get VERB our PRON attention NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 coughed nsubj 2 coughed cough VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 politely politely ADV _ 2 coughed advmod 4 to to PART _ 5 get mark 5 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 coughed advcl 6 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 attention nmod:poss 7 attention attention NOUN Number=Sing 5 get obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 coughed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cough past He politely property vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 get to-infinitive He not said here our attention vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer attention=Stimulus 3 attend our nom attention «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 The old car coughed and stopped.
det amod nsubj cc conj punct root The DET old ADJ car NOUN coughed VERB and CCONJ stopped VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 car det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 car amod 3 car car NOUN Number=Sing 4 coughed nsubj 4 coughed cough VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 stopped cc 6 stopped stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 coughed conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 coughed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cough past the old car vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 stop past the old car not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 7 Come on, cough up the money you owe!
advmod punct conj compound:prt det obj nsubj acl:relcl punct root Come VERB on ADV , PUNCT cough VERB up ADP the DET money NOUN you PRON owe VERB ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Come come VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 on on ADV _ 1 Come advmod 3 , , PUNCT _ 4 cough punct 4 cough cough VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Come conj 5 up up ADP _ 4 cough compound:prt 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 money det 7 money money NOUN Number=Sing 4 cough obj 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 owe nsubj 9 owe owe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 money acl:relcl 10 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come on imperative you not said here vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 cough up infinitive you not said here the money vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme 3 owe present you the money not said here vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent money=Theme
Example 8 It was NOVEMBER, who coughed violently as he got out.
nsubj cop punct nsubj acl:relcl advmod mark nsubj advcl advmod punct root It PRON was AUX NOVEMBER PROPN , PUNCT who PRON coughed VERB violently ADV as SCONJ he PRON got VERB out ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 NOVEMBER nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 NOVEMBER cop 3 NOVEMBER NOVEMBER PROPN Number=Sing root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 coughed punct 5 who who PRON PronType=Rel 6 coughed nsubj 6 coughed cough VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 NOVEMBER acl:relcl 7 violently violently ADV _ 6 coughed advmod 8 as as SCONJ _ 10 got mark 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 got nsubj 10 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 coughed advcl 11 out out ADV _ 10 got advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 NOVEMBER punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past It NOVEMBER tree rules 2 cough past NOVEMBER violently property vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 get out past he out property vn withdraw-82-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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