courteously Who acts: polite way, way, officials, waiter, you, She · What happens: show, be, expect, behave, answer, hold · To what, where: good manners, officials, us, visitors, door, bus driver · Speech: someone speaks here
«courteously» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: courteously in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 In a polite, kind and respectful way, showing good manners.
case det amod punct conj cc conj punct acl amod obj punct root In ADP a DET polite ADJ , PUNCT kind ADJ and CCONJ respectful ADJ way NOUN , PUNCT showing VERB good ADJ manners NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 8 way case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 way det 3 polite polite ADJ Degree=Pos 8 way amod 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 kind punct 5 kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos 3 polite conj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 respectful cc 7 respectful respectful ADJ Degree=Pos 3 polite conj 8 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 showing punct 10 showing show VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 way acl 11 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 12 manners amod 12 manners manners NOUN Number=Ptan 10 showing obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show gerund a polite way not said here good manners vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent manners=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
In a way that is correct and considerate, as officials or shop staff are expected to behave.
The tree, 17 words case det nsubj cop acl:relcl cc conj punct mark nsubj:pass cc compound conj aux:pass conj mark xcomp punct root In ADP a DET way NOUN that PRON is AUX correct ADJ and CCONJ considerate ADJ , PUNCT as SCONJ officials NOUN or CCONJ shop NOUN staff NOUN are AUX expected VERB to PART behave VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 way case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 way det 3 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 correct nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 correct cop 6 correct correct ADJ Degree=Pos 3 way acl:relcl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 considerate cc 8 considerate considerate ADJ Degree=Pos 6 correct conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 16 expected punct 10 as as SCONJ _ 16 expected mark 11 officials official NOUN Number=Plur 16 expected nsubj:pass 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 staff cc 13 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 14 staff compound 14 staff staff NOUN Number=Sing 11 officials conj 15 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 expected aux:pass 16 expected expect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 correct conj 17 to to PART _ 18 behave mark 18 behave behave VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 expected xcomp 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a way correct property tree rules 2 be a way not said here tree rules 3 expect present · passive officials or shop staff tree rules 4 behave not said to happen to-infinitive officials or shop staff not said here vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The waiter courteously showed us to our table.
det nsubj advmod iobj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET waiter NOUN courteously ADV showed VERB us PRON to ADP our PRON table NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 waiter det 2 waiter waiter NOUN Number=Sing 4 showed nsubj 3 courteously courteously ADV _ 4 showed advmod 4 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 showed iobj 6 to to ADP _ 8 table case 7 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 table nmod:poss 8 table table NOUN Number=Sing 4 showed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past the waiter us to our table; courteously property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent we=Topic to table=Recipient
Example 2 Please answer the visitors courteously.
discourse det obj advmod punct root Please INTJ answer VERB the DET visitors NOUN courteously ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 answer discourse 2 answer answer VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 visitors det 4 visitors visitor NOUN Number=Plur 2 answer obj 5 courteously courteously ADV _ 2 answer advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 answer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 answer speech: assert imperative you not said here the visitors courteously property vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent visitor=Eventuality
Example 3 She courteously held the door open for the man with the pram.
nsubj advmod det obj xcomp case det obl case det nmod punct root She PRON courteously ADV held VERB the DET door NOUN open ADJ for ADP the DET man NOUN with ADP the DET pram NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 held nsubj 2 courteously courteously ADV _ 3 held advmod 3 held hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 door det 5 door door NOUN Number=Sing 3 held obj 6 open open ADJ Degree=Pos 3 held xcomp 7 for for ADP _ 9 man case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 man det 9 man man NOUN Number=Sing 3 held obl 10 with with ADP _ 12 pram case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 pram det 12 pram pram NOUN Number=Sing 9 man nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 held punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold past She the door for the man with the pram; courteously, open property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Theme
Example 4 He courteously thanked the bus driver as he got off.
nsubj advmod det compound obj mark nsubj advcl compound:prt punct root He PRON courteously ADV thanked VERB the DET bus NOUN driver NOUN as SCONJ he PRON got VERB off ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 thanked nsubj 2 courteously courteously ADV _ 3 thanked advmod 3 thanked thank VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 driver det 5 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 6 driver compound 6 driver driver NOUN Number=Sing 3 thanked obj 7 as as SCONJ _ 9 got mark 8 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 got nsubj 9 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 thanked advcl 10 off off ADP _ 9 got compound:prt 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 thanked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 thank speech: thank past He the bus driver courteously property vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent driver=Theme 2 get off past driver vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 5 The knight bowed courteously to the queen.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET knight NOUN bowed VERB courteously ADV to ADP the DET queen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 knight det 2 knight knight NOUN Number=Sing 3 bowed nsubj 3 bowed bow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 courteously courteously ADV _ 3 bowed advmod 5 to to ADP _ 7 queen case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 queen det 7 queen queen NOUN Number=Sing 3 bowed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 bowed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bow past the knight to the queen; courteously property vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.pivot»: agent=Agent to queen=Pivot
Example 6 Even when the customer shouted, the shop assistant replied courteously.
advmod advmod det nsubj punct det compound nsubj advcl advmod punct root Even ADV when ADV the DET customer NOUN shouted VERB , PUNCT the DET shop NOUN assistant NOUN replied VERB courteously ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Even even ADV _ 5 shouted advmod 2 when when ADV PronType=Int 5 shouted advmod 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 customer det 4 customer customer NOUN Number=Sing 5 shouted nsubj 5 shouted shout VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 replied punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 assistant det 8 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 9 assistant compound 9 assistant assistant NOUN Number=Sing 10 replied nsubj 10 replied reply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 shouted advcl 11 courteously courteously ADV _ 10 replied advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 shouted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shout speech: express past the customer vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 reply speech: assert past the shop assistant courteously property vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 (formal) Passengers are courteously requested to remain seated.
punct amod punct nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod mark xcomp xcomp punct root ( PUNCT formal ADJ ) PUNCT Passengers NOUN are AUX courteously ADV requested VERB to PART remain VERB seated VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 2 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 4 Passengers amod 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 4 Passengers passenger NOUN Number=Plur 7 requested nsubj:pass 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 requested aux:pass 6 courteously courteously ADV _ 7 requested advmod 7 requested request VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 to to PART _ 9 remain mark 9 remain remain VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 requested xcomp 10 seated seat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 remain xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 requested punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 request present · passive formal Passengers courteously property vn beg-58.2 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic 2 remain to-infinitive tree rules 3 seat participle vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location
Example 8 “Boy,” she said courteously, “why are you crying?”
The tree, 8 words punct nsubj punct punct nsubj advmod punct punct advmod aux nsubj advcl punct punct root “ PUNCT Boy PROPN , PUNCT ” PUNCT she PRON said VERB courteously ADV , PUNCT “ PUNCT why ADV are AUX you PRON crying VERB ? PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 2 Boy punct 2 Boy Boy PROPN Number=Sing 6 said nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Boy punct 4 ” " PUNCT _ 2 Boy punct 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 said nsubj 6 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 courteously courteously ADV _ 6 said advmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 13 crying punct 9 “ " PUNCT _ 13 crying punct 10 why why ADV PronType=Int 13 crying advmod 11 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 crying aux 12 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 13 crying nsubj 13 crying cry VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 said advcl 14 ? ? PUNCT _ 13 crying punct 15 ” " PUNCT _ 13 crying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: ask past Boy courteously property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 cry speech: express in a quote present · progressive you vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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