cow Who acts: cow, big farm animal, male, baby, farmer, many legs · What happens: be, give, say, call, have, do · To what, where: big farm animal, milk, moo, female, bull, calf · Speech: someone speaks here
«cow» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cow in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A cow is a big farm animal that gives milk and says «moo».
The tree, 13 words det nsubj cop det amod compound nsubj acl:relcl obj cc conj punct obj punct punct root A DET cow NOUN is AUX a DET big ADJ farm NOUN animal NOUN that PRON gives VERB milk NOUN and CCONJ says VERB « PUNCT moo NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cow det 2 cow cow NOUN Number=Sing 7 animal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 animal cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 animal det 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 7 animal amod 6 farm farm NOUN Number=Sing 7 animal compound 7 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 gives nsubj 9 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 animal acl:relcl 10 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 9 gives obj 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 says cc 12 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 gives conj 13 « « PUNCT _ 14 moo punct 14 moo moo NOUN Number=Sing 12 says obj 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 moo punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a cow a big farm animal tree rules 2 give present a big farm animal milk vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent milk=Theme 3 say speech: assert present a big farm animal not said here moo vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent moo=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A cow is the female of cattle; the male is a bull and the baby is a calf.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det case nmod punct det nsubj cop det parataxis cc det nsubj cop det conj punct root A DET cow NOUN is AUX the DET female NOUN of ADP cattle NOUN ; PUNCT the DET male NOUN is AUX a DET bull NOUN and CCONJ the DET baby NOUN is AUX a DET calf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cow det 2 cow cow NOUN Number=Sing 5 female nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 female cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 female det 5 female female NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 cattle case 7 cattle cattle NOUN Number=Plur 5 female nmod 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 13 bull punct 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 male det 10 male male NOUN Number=Sing 13 bull nsubj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 bull cop 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 bull det 13 bull bull NOUN Number=Sing 5 female parataxis 14 and and CCONJ _ 19 calf cc 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 baby det 16 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 19 calf nsubj 17 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 calf cop 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 calf det 19 calf calf NOUN Number=Sing 13 bull conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 female punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a cow the female of cattle tree rules 2 is a present the male a bull and a calf tree rules 3 is a present the baby a calf tree rules
Meaning 3 Female elephants and whales are also called cows.
amod nsubj:pass cc conj aux:pass advmod xcomp punct root Female ADJ elephants NOUN and CCONJ whales NOUN are AUX also ADV called VERB cows NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Female female ADJ Degree=Pos 2 elephants amod 2 elephants elephant NOUN Number=Plur 7 called nsubj:pass 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 whales cc 4 whales whale NOUN Number=Plur 2 elephants conj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 called aux:pass 6 also also ADV _ 7 called advmod 7 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 cows cow NOUN Number=Plur 7 called xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive Female elephants and whales vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 1 The farmer has 12 cows.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET farmer NOUN has VERB 12 NUM cows NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farmer det 2 farmer farmer NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 cows nummod 5 cows cow NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the farmer 12 cows vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cow=Patient
Example 2 Each cow gives 8 liters of milk a day.
det nsubj nummod obj case nmod det obl:unmarked punct root Each DET cow NOUN gives VERB 8 NUM liters NOUN of ADP milk NOUN a DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 cow det 2 cow cow NOUN Number=Sing 3 gives nsubj 3 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 liters nummod 5 liters liter NOUN Number=Plur 3 gives obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 milk case 7 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 5 liters nmod 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 day det 9 day day NOUN Number=Sing 3 gives obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 gives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give present each cow 8 liters of milk day vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent liter=Theme
Example 3 How many legs do 5 cows have?
advmod amod nsubj nummod nsubj ccomp punct root How ADV many ADJ legs NOUN do VERB 5 NUM cows NOUN have VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 legs amod 3 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 4 do nsubj 4 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 cows nummod 6 cows cow NOUN Number=Plur 7 have nsubj 7 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 do ccomp 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do present many legs tree rules 2 have present 5 cows vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 4 There are 3 more cows than horses.
expl nummod amod nsubj case nmod punct root There PRON are VERB 3 NUM more ADJ cows NOUN than ADP horses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 cows nummod 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 cows amod 5 cows cow NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 6 than than ADP _ 7 horses case 7 horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 5 cows nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 3 more cows than horses there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 The cow says moo.
det nsubj obj punct root The DET cow NOUN says VERB moo NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cow det 2 cow cow NOUN Number=Sing 3 says nsubj 3 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 moo moo NOUN Number=Sing 3 says obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the cow moo vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent moo=Topic
Example 6 The cow and her calf stood in the field.
det nsubj cc nmod:poss conj case det obl punct root The DET cow NOUN and CCONJ her PRON calf NOUN stood VERB in ADP the DET field NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cow det 2 cow cow NOUN Number=Sing 6 stood nsubj 3 and and CCONJ _ 5 calf cc 4 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 calf nmod:poss 5 calf calf NOUN Number=Sing 2 cow conj 6 stood stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 in in ADP _ 9 field case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 field det 9 field field NOUN Number=Sing 6 stood obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 stood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand past the cow and her calf the field vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in field=Location
Example 7 Cows eat grass all day.
nsubj obj det obl:unmarked punct root Cows NOUN eat VERB grass NOUN all DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cows cow NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat nsubj 2 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 2 eat obj 4 all all DET PronType=Tot 5 day det 5 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 eat obl:unmarked 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present Cows grass day vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient
Example 8 We get milk from cows.
nsubj obj case obl punct root We PRON get VERB milk NOUN from ADP cows NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 get nsubj 2 get get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 2 get obj 4 from from ADP _ 5 cows case 5 cows cow NOUN Number=Plur 2 get obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get present We milk from cows vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent milk=Theme from cow=Source
Example 9 ‘What! haven’t you got a cow?’
punct punct acl:relcl advmod nsubj ccomp det obj punct punct root ‘ PUNCT What PRON ! PUNCT have VERB n’t PART you PRON got VERB a DET cow NOUN ? PUNCT ’ PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 2 What punct 2 What what PRON PronType=Int root root 3 ! ! PUNCT _ 4 have punct 4 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 What acl:relcl 5 n’t not PART Polarity=Neg 7 got advmod 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 got nsubj 7 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 have ccomp 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 cow det 9 cow cow NOUN Number=Sing 7 got obj 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 got punct 11 ’ ' PUNCT _ 2 What punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present tree rules 2 not get past you a cow vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cow=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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