cowboy Who acts: man, stories, character, worker, person, cowboy · What happens: ride, look, wear, be, make, act · To what, where: horse, horses, wide hat, quick money, wild reckless way, rules
«cowboy» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cowboy in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A man, especially in the western USA, who rides a horse and looks after cattle on a ranch.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj punct advmod case det amod nmod punct nsubj det obj cc conj case obl case det nmod punct root A DET man NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV in ADP the DET western ADJ USA PROPN , PUNCT who PRON rides VERB a DET horse NOUN and CCONJ looks VERB after ADP cattle NOUN on ADP a DET ranch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 man det 2 man man NOUN Number=Sing 11 rides nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 8 USA punct 4 especially especially ADV _ 8 USA advmod 5 in in ADP _ 8 USA case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 USA det 7 western western ADJ Degree=Pos 8 USA amod 8 USA USA PROPN Number=Sing 2 man nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 rides punct 10 who who PRON PronType=Rel 11 rides nsubj 11 rides ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 horse det 13 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 11 rides obj 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 looks cc 15 looks look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 rides conj 16 after after ADP _ 17 cattle case 17 cattle cattle NOUN Number=Plur 15 looks obl 18 on on ADP _ 20 ranch case 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 ranch det 20 ranch ranch NOUN Number=Sing 17 cattle nmod 21 . . PUNCT _ 11 rides punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ride present a man in the western USA a horse vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme 2 look present a man in the western USA not said here after cattle on a ranch vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A character in western films and stories who rides horses, wears a wide hat and boots.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj case amod nmod cc conj nsubj acl:relcl obj punct det amod obj cc conj punct root A DET character NOUN in ADP western ADJ films NOUN and CCONJ stories NOUN who PRON rides VERB horses NOUN , PUNCT wears VERB a DET wide ADJ hat NOUN and CCONJ boots NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 character det 2 character character NOUN Number=Sing 12 wears nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 5 films case 4 western western ADJ Degree=Pos 5 films amod 5 films film NOUN Number=Plur 2 character nmod 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 stories cc 7 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 5 films conj 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 9 rides nsubj 9 rides ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 stories acl:relcl 10 horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 9 rides obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 2 character punct 12 wears wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 hat det 14 wide wide ADJ Degree=Pos 15 hat amod 15 hat hat NOUN Number=Sing 12 wears obj 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 boots cc 17 boots boot NOUN Number=Plur 15 hat conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 12 wears punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ride present stories horses vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme 2 wear present a character in western films and stories a wide hat and boots vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hat=Theme
Meaning 3 Usage: UK, Australia, informal — kept apart, not parsed.
A worker or company that does careless, bad or dishonest work, often to make quick money: «cowboy builders».
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cc conj nsubj cop acl:relcl punct conj cc amod conj punct advmod mark amod obj punct punct compound obl punct punct root A DET worker NOUN or CCONJ company NOUN that PRON does AUX careless ADJ , PUNCT bad ADJ or CCONJ dishonest ADJ work NOUN , PUNCT often ADV to PART make VERB quick ADJ money NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT cowboy NOUN builders NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 worker det 2 worker worker NOUN Number=Sing 16 make nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 company cc 4 company company NOUN Number=Sing 2 worker conj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 careless nsubj 6 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 careless cop 7 careless careless ADJ Degree=Pos 2 worker acl:relcl 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 bad punct 9 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 7 careless conj 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 work cc 11 dishonest dishonest ADJ Degree=Pos 12 work amod 12 work work NOUN Number=Sing 7 careless conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 make punct 14 often often ADV _ 16 make advmod 15 to to PART _ 16 make mark 16 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 17 quick quick ADJ Degree=Pos 18 money amod 18 money money NOUN Number=Sing 16 make obj 19 : : PUNCT _ 22 builders punct 20 « « PUNCT _ 22 builders punct 21 cowboy cowboy NOUN Number=Sing 22 builders compound 22 builders builder NOUN Number=Plur 16 make obl 23 » » PUNCT _ 22 builders punct 24 . . PUNCT _ 16 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a worker or company careless property tree rules 2 be a worker or company not said here tree rules 3 make to-infinitive a worker or company quick money cowboy builders obl ; often property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset money=Product
Meaning 4 A person who acts in a wild, reckless way and ignores the rules.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj acl:relcl case det amod punct amod obl cc conj det obj punct root A DET person NOUN who PRON acts VERB in ADP a DET wild ADJ , PUNCT reckless ADJ way NOUN and CCONJ ignores VERB the DET rules NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 acts nsubj 4 acts act VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 person acl:relcl 5 in in ADP _ 10 way case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 way det 7 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 10 way amod 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 wild punct 9 reckless reckless ADJ Degree=Pos 10 way amod 10 way way NOUN Number=Sing 4 acts obl 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 ignores cc 12 ignores ignore VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 acts conj 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 rules det 14 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 12 ignores obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 act present a person a wild reckless way vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 ignore present a person not said here the rules vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Theme
Example 1 The cowboy rode his horse across the dusty plain.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj case det amod obl punct root The DET cowboy NOUN rode VERB his PRON horse NOUN across ADP the DET dusty ADJ plain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cowboy det 2 cowboy cowboy NOUN Number=Sing 3 rode nsubj 3 rode ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 horse nmod:poss 5 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 3 rode obj 6 across across ADP _ 9 plain case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 plain det 8 dusty dusty ADJ Degree=Pos 9 plain amod 9 plain plain NOUN Number=Sing 3 rode obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 rode punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ride past the cowboy cowboy's horse the dusty plain vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent horse=Theme across plain=Trajectory
Example 2 My little brother wore a cowboy hat to the party.
nmod:poss amod nsubj det compound obj case det obl punct root My PRON little ADJ brother NOUN wore VERB a DET cowboy NOUN hat NOUN to ADP the DET party NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 brother nmod:poss 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 brother amod 3 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 4 wore nsubj 4 wore wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 hat det 6 cowboy cowboy NOUN Number=Sing 7 hat compound 7 hat hat NOUN Number=Sing 4 wore obj 8 to to ADP _ 10 party case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 party det 10 party party NOUN Number=Sing 4 wore obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 wore punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear past My little brother a cowboy hat to the party vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hat=Theme
Example 3 Cowboys drove the cattle to the market town.
nsubj det obj case det compound obl punct root Cowboys NOUN drove VERB the DET cattle NOUN to ADP the DET market NOUN town NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cowboys cowboy NOUN Number=Plur 2 drove nsubj 2 drove drive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 cattle det 4 cattle cattle NOUN Number=Sing 2 drove obj 5 to to ADP _ 8 town case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 town det 7 market market NOUN Number=Sing 8 town compound 8 town town NOUN Number=Sing 2 drove obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 drove punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drive past Cowboys the cattle the market town vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent cattle=Theme to town=Trajectory
Example 4 Don't hire them — they're a bunch of cowboys who left our roof leaking.
The tree, 15 words aux advmod obj punct nsubj cop det obl case nmod nsubj acl:relcl nmod:poss obj xcomp punct root Do AUX n't PART hire VERB them PRON — PUNCT they PRON 're AUX a DET bunch NOUN of ADP cowboys NOUN who PRON left VERB our PRON roof NOUN leaking VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 hire aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 hire advmod 3 hire hire VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 hire obj 5 — - PUNCT _ 9 bunch punct 6 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 bunch nsubj 7 're be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 bunch cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 bunch det 9 bunch bunch NOUN Number=Sing 3 hire obl 10 of of ADP _ 11 cowboys case 11 cowboys cowboy NOUN Number=Plur 9 bunch nmod 12 who who PRON PronType=Rel 13 left nsubj 13 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 cowboys acl:relcl 14 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 roof nmod:poss 15 roof roof NOUN Number=Sing 13 left obj 16 leaking leak VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 left xcomp 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 hire punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not hire imperative · do-support you not said here them = they vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme 2 is a present they a bunch of cowboys tree rules 3 leave past cowboys our roof tree rules 4 leak gerund our roof not said here vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source
Example 5 Some cowboy builders took the money and never finished the wall.
det compound nsubj det obj cc advmod conj det obj punct root Some DET cowboy NOUN builders NOUN took VERB the DET money NOUN and CCONJ never ADV finished VERB the DET wall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 3 builders det 2 cowboy cowboy NOUN Number=Sing 3 builders compound 3 builders builder NOUN Number=Plur 4 took nsubj 4 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 money det 6 money money NOUN Number=Sing 4 took obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 finished cc 8 never never ADV PronType=Neg 9 finished advmod 9 finished finish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 took conj 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 wall det 11 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 9 finished obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past some cowboy builders the money vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme 2 not finish past some cowboy builders not said here the wall vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality wall=Eventuality
Example 6 The film was about a lonely cowboy and his dog.
det nsubj cop advmod det amod cc nmod:poss conj punct root The DET film NOUN was AUX about ADV a DET lonely ADJ cowboy NOUN and CCONJ his PRON dog NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 film det 2 film film NOUN Number=Sing 7 cowboy nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 cowboy cop 4 about about ADV _ 7 cowboy advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 cowboy det 6 lonely lonely ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cowboy amod 7 cowboy cowboy NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 dog cc 9 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 dog nmod:poss 10 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 7 cowboy conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 cowboy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the film a lonely cowboy and his dog about property tree rules
Example 7 Stop driving like a cowboy, you'll crash!
xcomp case det obl punct nsubj aux conj punct root Stop VERB driving VERB like ADP a DET cowboy NOUN , PUNCT you PRON 'll AUX crash VERB ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 driving drive VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Stop xcomp 3 like like ADP _ 5 cowboy case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 cowboy det 5 cowboy cowboy NOUN Number=Sing 2 driving obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 crash punct 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 crash nsubj 8 'll will AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 crash aux 9 crash crash VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Stop conj 10 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 drive gerund you not said here like a cowboy vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent 3 crash future you vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 8 The cowboy roped the calf with a lasso.
det nsubj det obj case det nmod punct root The DET cowboy NOUN roped VERB the DET calf NOUN with ADP a DET lasso NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cowboy det 2 cowboy cowboy NOUN Number=Sing 3 roped nsubj 3 roped rope VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 calf det 5 calf calf NOUN Number=Sing 3 roped obj 6 with with ADP _ 8 lasso case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 lasso det 8 lasso lasso NOUN Number=Sing 5 calf nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 roped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rope past the cowboy the calf with a lasso vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient PP.instrument»: agent=Agent calf=Patient with lasso=Instrument
Example 9 The cowboy and the Gruagach stood by the fire.
det nsubj cc det conj case det obl punct root The DET cowboy NOUN and CCONJ the DET Gruagach PROPN stood VERB by ADP the DET fire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cowboy det 2 cowboy cowboy NOUN Number=Sing 6 stood nsubj 3 and and CCONJ _ 5 Gruagach cc 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Gruagach det 5 Gruagach Gruagach PROPN Number=Sing 2 cowboy conj 6 stood stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 by by ADP _ 9 fire case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 fire det 9 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 6 stood obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 stood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand past the cowboy and the Gruagach by the fire vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by fire=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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