crankshaft Who acts: crankshaft, engine, movement, pistons, broken crankshaft, pedals · What happens: be, turn, spin, drive, move, push · To what, where: long metal rod, engine, up down movement, movement, wheels, pistons · Speech: someone speaks here
«crankshaft» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: crankshaft in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A crankshaft is a long metal rod in an engine that turns the up-and-down movement of the pistons into turning (spinning) movement that drives the wheels.
The tree, 28 words det nsubj cop det amod compound case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl det compound punct cc punct amod obj case det nmod mark advcl punct conj punct obj nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct root A DET crankshaft NOUN is AUX a DET long ADJ metal NOUN rod NOUN in ADP an DET engine NOUN that PRON turns VERB the DET up NOUN - PUNCT and CCONJ - PUNCT down ADJ movement NOUN of ADP the DET pistons NOUN into SCONJ turning VERB ( PUNCT spinning VERB ) PUNCT movement NOUN that PRON drives VERB the DET wheels NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 crankshaft det 2 crankshaft crankshaft NOUN Number=Sing 7 rod nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 rod cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 rod det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 rod amod 6 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 7 rod compound 7 rod rod NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 in in ADP _ 10 engine case 9 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 engine det 10 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 7 rod nmod 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 turns nsubj 12 turns turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 engine acl:relcl 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 movement det 14 up up NOUN Number=Sing 19 movement compound 15 - - PUNCT _ 18 down punct 16 and and CCONJ _ 18 down cc 17 - - PUNCT _ 16 and punct 18 down down ADJ Degree=Pos 19 movement amod 19 movement movement NOUN Number=Sing 12 turns obj 20 of of ADP _ 22 pistons case 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 pistons det 22 pistons piston NOUN Number=Plur 19 movement nmod 23 into into SCONJ _ 24 turning mark 24 turning turn VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 turns advcl 25 ( ( PUNCT _ 26 spinning punct 26 spinning spin VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 24 turning conj 27 ) ) PUNCT _ 26 spinning punct 28 movement movement NOUN Number=Sing 26 spinning obj 29 that that PRON PronType=Rel 30 drives nsubj 30 drives drive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 28 movement acl:relcl 31 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 32 wheels det 32 wheels wheel NOUN Number=Plur 30 drives obj 33 . . PUNCT _ 7 rod punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a crankshaft a long metal rod a engine tree rules 2 turn present a engine the up down movement of the pistons vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent movement=Theme 3 turn gerund a engine not said here vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 4 spin gerund a engine not said here movement vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent movement=Theme 5 drive present movement the wheels vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme wheel=Trajectory 6 move the pistons nom movement «act transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 The pistons push the crankshaft round.
det nsubj det obj advmod punct root The DET pistons NOUN push VERB the DET crankshaft NOUN round ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pistons det 2 pistons piston NOUN Number=Plur 3 push nsubj 3 push push VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 crankshaft det 5 crankshaft crankshaft NOUN Number=Sing 3 push obj 6 round round ADV _ 3 push advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 push punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 push present the pistons the crankshaft round property vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crankshaft=Theme
Example 2 A broken crankshaft means the engine cannot work.
det amod nsubj det nsubj aux advmod ccomp punct root A DET broken VERB crankshaft NOUN means VERB the DET engine NOUN can AUX not PART work VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 crankshaft det 2 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 crankshaft amod 3 crankshaft crankshaft NOUN Number=Sing 4 means nsubj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 engine det 6 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 9 work nsubj 7 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 work aux 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 work advmod 9 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 mean present a broken crankshaft vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 not work can the engine vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 A bicycle's pedals turn a crank, a little like a crankshaft.
det nmod:poss case nsubj det obj punct det appos case det nmod punct root A DET bicycle NOUN 's PART pedals NOUN turn VERB a DET crank NOUN , PUNCT a DET little ADJ like ADP a DET crankshaft NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bicycle det 2 bicycle bicycle NOUN Number=Sing 4 pedals nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 bicycle case 4 pedals pedal NOUN Number=Plur 5 turn nsubj 5 turn turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 crank det 7 crank crank NOUN Number=Sing 5 turn obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 little punct 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 little det 10 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 7 crank appos 11 like like ADP _ 13 crankshaft case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 crankshaft det 13 crankshaft crankshaft NOUN Number=Sing 10 little nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 turn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn present a bicycle's pedals a crank vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent crank=Theme 2 pedal a bicycle nom pedal «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 The mechanic showed us the crankshaft inside the old engine.
det nsubj iobj det obj case det amod nmod punct root The DET mechanic NOUN showed VERB us PRON the DET crankshaft NOUN inside ADP the DET old ADJ engine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 mechanic det 2 mechanic mechanic NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed nsubj 3 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 showed iobj 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 crankshaft det 6 crankshaft crankshaft NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed obj 7 inside inside ADP _ 10 engine case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 engine det 9 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 10 engine amod 10 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 6 crankshaft nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past the mechanic the crankshaft us the old engine vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient crankshaft=Topic
Example 5 In D&T we built a model with a crankshaft that made a toy bird flap.
The tree, 17 words case obl cc conj nsubj det obj case det obl nsubj acl:relcl det compound compound obj punct root In ADP D PROPN & CCONJ T NOUN we PRON built VERB a DET model NOUN with ADP a DET crankshaft NOUN that PRON made VERB a DET toy NOUN bird NOUN flap NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 D case 2 D D PROPN Number=Sing 6 built obl 3 & & CCONJ _ 4 T cc 4 T t NOUN Number=Sing 2 D conj 5 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 built nsubj 6 built build VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 model det 8 model model NOUN Number=Sing 6 built obj 9 with with ADP _ 11 crankshaft case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 crankshaft det 11 crankshaft crankshaft NOUN Number=Sing 6 built obl 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 made nsubj 13 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 crankshaft acl:relcl 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 flap det 15 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 16 bird compound 16 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 17 flap compound 17 flap flap NOUN Number=Sing 13 made obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 built punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 build past we a model D & T with a crankshaft vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent model=Theme with crankshaft=Source 2 make past a crankshaft a bird flap vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset flap=Product
Example 6 Steam engines used a crankshaft to turn their wheels.
compound nsubj det obj mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct root Steam NOUN engines NOUN used VERB a DET crankshaft NOUN to PART turn VERB their PRON wheels NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Steam steam NOUN Number=Sing 2 engines compound 2 engines engine NOUN Number=Plur 3 used nsubj 3 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 crankshaft det 5 crankshaft crankshaft NOUN Number=Sing 3 used obj 6 to to PART _ 7 turn mark 7 turn turn VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 used advcl 8 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 wheels nmod:poss 9 wheels wheel NOUN Number=Plur 7 turn obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past Steam engines a crankshaft vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crankshaft=Patient 2 turn to-infinitive Steam engines not said here engines's wheels vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent wheel=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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