crepuscular

Who acts: Rabbits, beams, you, Deer, cat, Bats · What happens: be, shine, see, beam, come out, stream · To what, where: gaps, clouds, sunlight, Rabbits, Crepuscular rays

«crepuscular» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: crepuscular in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

Active mainly at twilight, at dawn and dusk, rather than in the day or night: «Rabbits and deer are crepuscular».

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Active	active	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
2	mainly	mainly	ADV	_	1 Active	advmod
3	at	at	ADP	_	4 twilight	case
4	twilight	twilight	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Active	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 dawn	punct
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 dawn	case
7	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 twilight	conj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 dusk	cc
9	dusk	dusk	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 twilight	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 day	punct
11	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	15 day	cc
12	than	than	ADP	_	11 rather	fixed
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 day	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 day	det
15	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 twilight	conj
16	or	or	CCONJ	_	17 night	cc
17	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 day	conj
18	:	:	PUNCT	_	24 crepuscular	punct
19	«	«	PUNCT	_	24 crepuscular	punct
20	Rabbits	rabbit	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 crepuscular	nsubj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 deer	cc
22	deer	deer	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 Rabbits	conj
23	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 crepuscular	cop
24	crepuscular	crepuscular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Active	conj
25	»	»	PUNCT	_	24 crepuscular	punct
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Active	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	Rabbits and deer					crepuscular property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: formal, literary — kept apart, not parsed.

Of or like twilight; dim and half-dark: «the crepuscular light».

The tree, 11 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Of	of	ADP	_	4 twilight	case
2	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 twilight	cc
3	like	like	ADP	_	4 twilight	case
4	twilight	twilight	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	6 dim	punct
6	dim	dim	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 twilight	amod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 dark	cc
8	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	10 dark	compound
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 half	punct
10	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 dim	conj
11	:	:	PUNCT	_	15 light	punct
12	«	«	PUNCT	_	15 light	punct
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 light	det
14	crepuscular	crepuscular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 light	amod
15	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 twilight	appos
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 light	punct
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 twilight	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 3

Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

Crepuscular rays: beams of sunlight shining through gaps in clouds, often seen at sunrise or sunset.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crepuscular	crepuscular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 rays	amod
2	rays	ray	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	4 beams	punct
4	beams	beam	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 rays	conj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 sunlight	case
6	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 beams	nmod
7	shining	shine	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 beams	acl
8	through	through	ADP	_	9 gaps	case
9	gaps	gap	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 shining	obl
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 clouds	case
11	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 gaps	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 seen	punct
13	often	often	ADV	_	14 seen	advmod
14	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 clouds	acl
15	at	at	ADP	_	16 sunrise	case
16	sunrise	sunrise	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 seen	obl
17	or	or	CCONJ	_	18 sunset	cc
18	sunset	sunset	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 sunrise	conj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 rays	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shine	gerund	beams of sunlight not said here		gaps in clouds			vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through gap=Location
2	see	participle		clouds not said here		sunrise	often property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	beam			sunlight				nom beam «communication transitive»: of=patient

Example 1

Rabbits are crepuscular, so you often see them at dusk.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rabbits	rabbit	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 crepuscular	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 crepuscular	cop
3	crepuscular	crepuscular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 see	punct
5	so	so	ADV	_	8 see	advmod
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 see	nsubj
7	often	often	ADV	_	8 see	advmod
8	see	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 crepuscular	conj
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 see	obj
10	at	at	ADP	_	11 dusk	case
11	dusk	dusk	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 see	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 crepuscular	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Rabbits					crepuscular property	tree rules
2	see	present	you	Rabbits = rabbit			dusk	often property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus

Example 2

Deer come out at dawn and dusk because they are crepuscular.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Deer	deer	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 come	nsubj
2	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	out	out	ADV	_	2 come	advmod
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 dawn	case
5	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 come	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 dusk	cc
7	dusk	dusk	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dawn	conj
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	11 crepuscular	mark
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 crepuscular	nsubj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 crepuscular	cop
11	crepuscular	crepuscular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 come	advcl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 come	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come out	present	Deer				dawn	out property	vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient
2	is	present	Deer					crepuscular property	tree rules

Example 3

Crepuscular rays streamed through the clouds at sunset.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crepuscular	crepuscular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 rays	amod
2	rays	ray	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	streamed	stream	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 rays	acl
4	through	through	ADP	_	6 clouds	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 clouds	det
6	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 streamed	obl
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 sunset	case
8	sunset	sunset	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 clouds	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 rays	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stream	participle		Crepuscular rays not said here		the clouds at sunset			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through cloud=Location

Example 4

My cat is most playful at dawn: it's crepuscular.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 cat	nmod:poss
2	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 playful	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 playful	cop
4	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	5 playful	advmod
5	playful	playful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 dawn	case
7	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 playful	obl
8	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 crepuscular	punct
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 crepuscular	nsubj
10	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 crepuscular	cop
11	crepuscular	crepuscular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 playful	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 playful	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	My cat				dawn	playful property	tree rules
2	is	present	cat					crepuscular property	tree rules

Example 5

Bats are nocturnal, but many moths are crepuscular.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 nocturnal	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 nocturnal	cop
3	nocturnal	nocturnal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 crepuscular	punct
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	9 crepuscular	cc
6	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 moths	amod
7	moths	moth	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 crepuscular	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 crepuscular	cop
9	crepuscular	crepuscular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 nocturnal	conj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 nocturnal	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Bats					nocturnal property	tree rules
2	is	present	many moths					crepuscular property	tree rules

Example 6

The forest was full of crepuscular light.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 forest	det
2	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 full	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 full	cop
4	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 light	case
6	crepuscular	crepuscular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 light	amod
7	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 full	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 full	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the forest					of crepuscular light; full property	tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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