croak Who acts: frog, person, they, croak, it, I · What happens: make, croak, speak, be, mean, die · To what, where: deep rough sound, deep rough voice, rough sound, joking polite way, way, frogs · Speech: someone speaks here
«croak» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: croak in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
When a frog or crow croaks, it makes a deep, rough sound.
The tree, 12 words advmod det nsubj cc compound conj punct nsubj det amod punct amod obj punct root When ADV a DET frog NOUN or CCONJ crow NOUN croaks NOUN , PUNCT it PRON makes VERB a DET deep ADJ , PUNCT rough ADJ sound NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 9 makes advmod 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 frog det 3 frog frog NOUN Number=Sing 9 makes nsubj 4 or or CCONJ _ 6 croaks cc 5 crow crow NOUN Number=Sing 6 croaks compound 6 croaks croak NOUN Number=Plur 3 frog conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 3 frog punct 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 makes nsubj 9 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 sound det 11 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 14 sound amod 12 , , PUNCT _ 11 deep punct 13 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 14 sound amod 14 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 9 makes obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 9 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present a frog or crow croaks a deep rough sound vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
When a person croaks, they speak in a deep, rough voice, for example because of a sore throat.
The tree, 18 words mark det nsubj advcl punct nsubj case det amod punct amod obl punct case obl case fixed det amod obl punct root When SCONJ a DET person NOUN croaks VERB , PUNCT they PRON speak VERB in ADP a DET deep ADJ , PUNCT rough ADJ voice NOUN , PUNCT for ADP example NOUN because ADP of ADP a DET sore ADJ throat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when SCONJ _ 4 croaks mark 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 person det 3 person person NOUN Number=Sing 4 croaks nsubj 4 croaks croak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 speak advcl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 croaks punct 6 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 speak nsubj 7 speak speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 in in ADP _ 13 voice case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 voice det 10 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 13 voice amod 11 , , PUNCT _ 10 deep punct 12 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 13 voice amod 13 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 7 speak obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 example punct 15 for for ADP _ 16 example case 16 example example NOUN Number=Sing 7 speak obl 17 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 21 throat case 18 of of ADP _ 17 because fixed 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 throat det 20 sore sore ADJ Degree=Pos 21 throat amod 21 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing 7 speak obl 22 . . PUNCT _ 7 speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 croak present a person vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 speak speech: other present they a deep rough voice for example; because a sore throat vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.
A croak is that rough sound.
det nsubj cop mark amod punct root A DET croak NOUN is AUX that SCONJ rough ADJ sound NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 croak det 2 croak croak NOUN Number=Sing 6 sound nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 sound cop 4 that that SCONJ _ 6 sound mark 5 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 6 sound amod 6 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 sound punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a croak rough sound tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: slang — kept apart, not parsed.
To croak means to die; it is a joking, not polite, way to say it.
The tree, 15 words mark csubj mark xcomp punct nsubj cop det amod punct advmod amod punct parataxis mark acl obj punct root To PART croak VERB means VERB to PART die VERB ; PUNCT it PRON is AUX a DET joking VERB , PUNCT not PART polite ADJ , PUNCT way NOUN to PART say VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 croak mark 2 croak croak VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 die mark 5 die die VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 15 way punct 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 way nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 way cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 way det 10 joking joke VERB VerbForm=Ger 15 way amod 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 polite punct 12 not not PART Polarity=Neg 13 polite advmod 13 polite polite ADJ Degree=Pos 15 way amod 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 way punct 15 way way NOUN Number=Sing 3 means parataxis 16 to to PART _ 17 say mark 17 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 way acl 18 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 say obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 croak to-infinitive vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 die not said to happen to-infinitive vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute 4 joke speech: other gerund vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 is a present it a joking polite way tree rules 6 say speech: assert to-infinitive way vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic
Example 1 The frogs croaked loudly all night by the pond.
det acl advmod det obl:unmarked case det obl punct root The DET frogs NOUN croaked VERB loudly ADV all DET night NOUN by ADP the DET pond NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 frogs det 2 frogs frog NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 croaked croak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 frogs acl 4 loudly loudly ADV _ 3 croaked advmod 5 all all DET PronType=Tot 6 night det 6 night night NOUN Number=Sing 3 croaked obl:unmarked 7 by by ADP _ 9 pond case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 pond det 9 pond pond NOUN Number=Sing 3 croaked obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 frogs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 croak participle the frogs not said here night by the pond; loudly property vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 «I've lost my voice,» she croaked.
punct nsubj aux advcl nmod:poss obj punct punct nsubj punct root « PUNCT I PRON 've AUX lost VERB my PRON voice NOUN , PUNCT » PUNCT she PRON croaked VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 lost punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 lost nsubj 3 've have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 lost aux 4 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 10 croaked advcl 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 voice nmod:poss 6 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 4 lost obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 4 lost punct 8 » » PUNCT _ 4 lost punct 9 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 croaked nsubj 10 croaked croak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 croaked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose in a quote present · perfect I my voice vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Eventuality 2 croak past she vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 A crow croaked from the top of the tree.
det acl case det obl case det nmod punct root A DET crow NOUN croaked VERB from ADP the DET top NOUN of ADP the DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 crow det 2 crow crow NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 croaked croak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 crow acl 4 from from ADP _ 6 top case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 top det 6 top top NOUN Number=Sing 3 croaked obl 7 of of ADP _ 9 tree case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 tree det 9 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 6 top nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 crow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 croak participle a crow not said here the top of the tree vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient from top=Causer
Example 4 We heard a croak from under the lily pad.
nsubj det obj case case det compound obl punct root We PRON heard VERB a DET croak NOUN from ADP under ADP the DET lily NOUN pad NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 heard nsubj 2 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 croak det 4 croak croak NOUN Number=Sing 2 heard obj 5 from from ADP _ 9 pad case 6 under under ADP _ 9 pad case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 pad det 8 lily lily NOUN Number=Sing 9 pad compound 9 pad pad NOUN Number=Sing 2 heard obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear past We a croak the lily pad vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent croak=Topic from pad=Source
Example 5 He could only croak out a whisper after the football match.
nsubj aux advmod compound:prt det obj case det compound obl punct root He PRON could AUX only ADV croak VERB out ADP a DET whisper NOUN after ADP the DET football NOUN match NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 croak nsubj 2 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 croak aux 3 only only ADV _ 4 croak advmod 4 croak croak VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 out out ADP _ 4 croak compound:prt 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 whisper det 7 whisper whisper NOUN Number=Sing 4 croak obj 8 after after ADP _ 11 match case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 match det 10 football football NOUN Number=Sing 11 match compound 11 match match NOUN Number=Sing 4 croak obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 croak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 croak out could He a whisper after the football match vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent whisper=Theme
Example 6 (slang) In the cartoon, the villain says, «If I don't get water, I'll croak!»
The tree, 16 words punct punct case det nmod punct det nsubj conj punct punct mark nsubj aux advmod ccomp obj punct nsubj aux parataxis punct punct root ( PUNCT slang NOUN ) PUNCT In ADP the DET cartoon NOUN , PUNCT the DET villain NOUN says VERB , PUNCT « PUNCT If SCONJ I PRON do AUX n't PART get VERB water NOUN , PUNCT I PRON 'll AUX croak VERB ! PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 slang punct 2 slang slang NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 slang punct 4 In in ADP _ 6 cartoon case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 cartoon det 6 cartoon cartoon NOUN Number=Sing 2 slang nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 says punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 villain det 9 villain villain NOUN Number=Sing 10 says nsubj 10 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 slang conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 17 get punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 17 get punct 13 If if SCONJ _ 17 get mark 14 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 17 get nsubj 15 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 get aux 16 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 17 get advmod 17 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 says ccomp 18 water water NOUN Number=Sing 17 get obj 19 , , PUNCT _ 22 croak punct 20 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 22 croak nsubj 21 'll will AUX VerbForm=Fin 22 croak aux 22 croak croak VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 slang parataxis 23 ! ! PUNCT _ 22 croak punct 24 » » PUNCT _ 22 croak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: express present the villain vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 not get a condition, not said to happen, in a quote present · do-support the villain = villain water vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer water=Stimulus 3 croak in a quote future the villain = villain vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Male frogs croak to call females.
amod nsubj mark advcl obj punct root Male ADJ frogs NOUN croak VERB to PART call VERB females NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Male male ADJ Degree=Pos 2 frogs amod 2 frogs frog NOUN Number=Plur 3 croak nsubj 3 croak croak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 call mark 5 call call VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 croak advcl 6 females female NOUN Number=Plur 5 call obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 croak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 croak present Male frogs vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 call to-infinitive Male frogs not said here females vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent female=Recipient
Example 8 Then some frogs began to croak in the marsh.
advmod det nsubj mark xcomp case det obl punct root Then ADV some DET frogs NOUN began VERB to PART croak VERB in ADP the DET marsh NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 4 began advmod 2 some some DET PronType=Ind 3 frogs det 3 frogs frog NOUN Number=Plur 4 began nsubj 4 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 croak mark 6 croak croak VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 began xcomp 7 in in ADP _ 9 marsh case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 marsh det 9 marsh marsh NOUN Number=Sing 6 croak obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 began punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 begin past some frogs then vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 croak to-infinitive some frogs not said here the marsh vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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