crossbow Who acts: wooden stock, short arrows, you, Medieval soldiers, crossbow bolt, Crossbows · What happens: make, fix, shoot, call, pull, fire · To what, where: weapon, small bow, wooden stock, short arrows, bolts, trigger · Speech: someone speaks here
«crossbow» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: crossbow in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A weapon made of a small bow fixed across a wooden stock, which shoots short arrows called bolts when you pull a trigger.
The tree, 23 words det acl case det amod obl acl case det amod obl punct nsubj acl:relcl amod obj acl xcomp advmod nsubj advcl det obj punct root A DET weapon NOUN made VERB of ADP a DET small ADJ bow NOUN fixed VERB across ADP a DET wooden ADJ stock NOUN , PUNCT which PRON shoots VERB short ADJ arrows NOUN called VERB bolts NOUN when ADV you PRON pull VERB a DET trigger NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 weapon det 2 weapon weapon NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 weapon acl 4 of of ADP _ 7 bow case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 bow det 6 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 7 bow amod 7 bow bow NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obl 8 fixed fix VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 bow acl 9 across across ADP _ 12 stock case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 stock det 11 wooden wooden ADJ Degree=Pos 12 stock amod 12 stock stock NOUN Number=Sing 8 fixed obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 shoots punct 14 which which PRON PronType=Rel 15 shoots nsubj 15 shoots shoot VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 stock acl:relcl 16 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 17 arrows amod 17 arrows arrow NOUN Number=Plur 15 shoots obj 18 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 17 arrows acl 19 bolts bolt NOUN Number=Plur 18 called xcomp 20 when when ADV PronType=Int 22 pull advmod 21 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 22 pull nsubj 22 pull pull VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 called advcl 23 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 trigger det 24 trigger trigger NOUN Number=Sing 22 pull obj 25 . . PUNCT _ 2 weapon punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make participle a weapon not said here of a small bow vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 2 fix participle a small bow not said here a wooden stock vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient 3 shoot present a wooden stock short arrows vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arrow=Theme 4 call participle short arrows not said here bolts vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 pull present you a trigger vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trigger=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Medieval soldiers fired crossbows at the castle walls.
amod nsubj obj case det compound obl punct root Medieval ADJ soldiers NOUN fired VERB crossbows NOUN at ADP the DET castle NOUN walls NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Medieval medieval ADJ Degree=Pos 2 soldiers amod 2 soldiers soldier NOUN Number=Plur 3 fired nsubj 3 fired fire VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 crossbows crossbow NOUN Number=Plur 3 fired obj 5 at at ADP _ 8 walls case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 walls det 7 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 8 walls compound 8 walls wall NOUN Number=Plur 3 fired obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 fired punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fire past Medieval soldiers crossbows the castle walls vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent crossbow=Theme at wall=Destination
Example 2 A crossbow bolt is shorter than an arrow.
det compound nsubj cop case det obl punct root A DET crossbow NOUN bolt NOUN is AUX shorter ADJ than ADP an DET arrow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 bolt det 2 crossbow crossbow NOUN Number=Sing 3 bolt compound 3 bolt bolt NOUN Number=Sing 5 shorter nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 shorter cop 5 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 6 than than ADP _ 8 arrow case 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 arrow det 8 arrow arrow NOUN Number=Sing 5 shorter obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 shorter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a crossbow bolt than a arrow; short property tree rules
Example 3 Crossbows were slower to reload than longbows.
nsubj cop mark csubj case obl punct root Crossbows NOUN were AUX slower ADJ to PART reload VERB than ADP longbows NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Crossbows crossbow NOUN Number=Plur 3 slower nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 slower cop 3 slower slow ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 4 to to PART _ 5 reload mark 5 reload reload VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 slower csubj 6 than than ADP _ 7 longbows case 7 longbows longbow NOUN Number=Plur 5 reload obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 slower punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Crossbows slow property tree rules 2 reload to-infinitive than longbows tree rules
Example 4 The museum had a crossbow from the 1400s.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET museum NOUN had VERB a DET crossbow NOUN from ADP the DET 1400s NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 museum det 2 museum museum NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 crossbow det 5 crossbow crossbow NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 6 from from ADP _ 8 1400s case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 1400s det 8 1400s 1400 NOUN Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card 3 had obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the museum a crossbow the 1400s vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crossbow=Patient
Example 5 Crossbows are dangerous weapons, not toys.
nsubj cop amod punct advmod conj punct root Crossbows NOUN are AUX dangerous ADJ weapons NOUN , PUNCT not PART toys NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Crossbows crossbow NOUN Number=Plur 4 weapons nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 weapons cop 3 dangerous dangerous ADJ Degree=Pos 4 weapons amod 4 weapons weapon NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 toys punct 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 toys advmod 7 toys toy NOUN Number=Plur 4 weapons conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 weapons punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Crossbows dangerous weapons and toys tree rules
Example 6 In ancient China, people also used crossbows.
case amod obl punct nsubj advmod obj punct root In ADP ancient ADJ China PROPN , PUNCT people NOUN also ADV used VERB crossbows NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 China case 2 ancient ancient ADJ Degree=Pos 3 China amod 3 China China PROPN Number=Sing 7 used obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 China punct 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 7 used nsubj 6 also also ADV _ 7 used advmod 7 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 crossbows crossbow NOUN Number=Plur 7 used obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past people crossbows ancient China vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crossbow=Patient
Example 7 Both portraits had many holes in them, because the baron's sons used the two old people as targets for their crossbows.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj amod obj case nmod punct mark det nmod:poss case nsubj conj det nummod amod obj case obl case nmod:poss nmod punct root Both DET portraits NOUN had VERB many ADJ holes NOUN in ADP them PRON , PUNCT because SCONJ the DET baron NOUN 's PART sons NOUN used VERB the DET two NUM old ADJ people NOUN as ADP targets NOUN for ADP their PRON crossbows NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Both both DET PronType=Tot 2 portraits det 2 portraits portrait NOUN Number=Plur 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 5 holes amod 5 holes hole NOUN Number=Plur 3 had obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 them case 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 holes nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 14 used punct 9 because because SCONJ _ 14 used mark 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 baron det 11 baron baron NOUN Number=Sing 13 sons nmod:poss 12 's 's PART _ 11 baron case 13 sons son NOUN Number=Plur 14 used nsubj 14 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 had conj 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 people det 16 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 18 people nummod 17 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 18 people amod 18 people people NOUN Number=Plur 14 used obj 19 as as ADP _ 20 targets case 20 targets target NOUN Number=Plur 14 used obl 21 for for ADP _ 23 crossbows case 22 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 23 crossbows nmod:poss 23 crossbows crossbow NOUN Number=Plur 20 targets nmod 24 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past both portraits many holes in holes = hole vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Patient 2 use past the baron's sons the two old people as targets for sons's crossbows vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent people=Duration as target=Attribute
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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