crossing Who acts: crossing, you, boat, ferry, Always, crossing guard · What happens: be, go, cross, mean, make, carry · To what, where: place, road, trip, water, verb, 4 crossings · Speech: someone speaks here
«crossing» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: crossing in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A crossing is a place where you can go across a road, a river or a railway safely, like a pedestrian crossing or a level crossing.
The tree, 26 words det nsubj cop det advmod nsubj aux acl:relcl case det obl punct det appos cc det conj advmod punct case det compound obl cc det compound conj punct root A DET crossing NOUN is AUX a DET place NOUN where ADV you PRON can AUX go VERB across ADP a DET road NOUN , PUNCT a DET river NOUN or CCONJ a DET railway NOUN safely ADV , PUNCT like ADP a DET pedestrian NOUN crossing NOUN or CCONJ a DET level NOUN crossing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 crossing det 2 crossing crossing NOUN Number=Sing 5 place nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 place cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 place det 5 place place NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 where where ADV PronType=Rel 9 go advmod 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 go nsubj 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 go aux 9 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 place acl:relcl 10 across across ADP _ 12 road case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 road det 12 road road NOUN Number=Sing 9 go obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 river punct 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 river det 15 river river NOUN Number=Sing 12 road appos 16 or or CCONJ _ 18 railway cc 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 railway det 18 railway railway NOUN Number=Sing 15 river conj 19 safely safely ADV _ 9 go advmod 20 , , PUNCT _ 24 crossing punct 21 like like ADP _ 24 crossing case 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 crossing det 23 pedestrian pedestrian NOUN Number=Sing 24 crossing compound 24 crossing crossing NOUN Number=Sing 9 go obl 25 or or CCONJ _ 28 crossing cc 26 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 28 crossing det 27 level level NOUN Number=Sing 28 crossing compound 28 crossing crossing NOUN Number=Sing 24 crossing conj 29 . . PUNCT _ 5 place punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a crossing a place tree rules 2 go can you a road like a pedestrian crossing or a level crossing; safely property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme across road=Initial_Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A crossing is a trip across water, like a ferry crossing.
det nsubj cop det case nmod punct case det compound conj punct root A DET crossing NOUN is AUX a DET trip NOUN across ADP water NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET ferry NOUN crossing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 crossing det 2 crossing crossing NOUN Number=Sing 5 trip nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 trip cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 trip det 5 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 across across ADP _ 7 water case 7 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 trip nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 crossing punct 9 like like ADP _ 12 crossing case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 crossing det 11 ferry ferry NOUN Number=Sing 12 crossing compound 12 crossing crossing NOUN Number=Sing 5 trip conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 trip punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a crossing a trip and a ferry crossing water tree rules
Meaning 3 Crossing (verb) means going across: «crossing the road».
csubj punct obj punct xcomp advmod punct punct parataxis det obj punct punct root Crossing VERB ( PUNCT verb NOUN ) PUNCT means VERB going VERB across ADV : PUNCT « PUNCT crossing VERB the DET road NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Crossing cross VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 means csubj 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 verb punct 3 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 1 Crossing obj 4 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 verb punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 going go VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 means xcomp 7 across across ADV _ 6 going advmod 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 crossing punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 crossing punct 10 crossing cross VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 means parataxis 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 road det 12 road road NOUN Number=Sing 10 crossing obj 13 » » PUNCT _ 10 crossing punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cross gerund verb vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent verb=Patient 2 mean present Crossing vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 go not said to happen gerund Crossing not said here across property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 cross in a quote gerund the road vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Patient
Example 1 The boat makes 4 crossings a day.
det nsubj nummod obj det obl:unmarked punct root The DET boat NOUN makes VERB 4 NUM crossings NOUN a DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 boat det 2 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 3 makes nsubj 3 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 crossings nummod 5 crossings crossing NOUN Number=Plur 3 makes obj 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 day det 7 day day NOUN Number=Sing 3 makes obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present the boat 4 crossings day vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material crossing=Product
Example 2 The ferry carries 30 people each crossing.
det nsubj nummod obj det obj punct root The DET ferry NOUN carries VERB 30 NUM people NOUN each DET crossing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ferry det 2 ferry ferry NOUN Number=Sing 3 carries nsubj 3 carries carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 people nummod 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 carries obj 6 each each DET PronType=Tot 7 crossing det 7 crossing crossing NOUN Number=Sing 3 carries obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 carries punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry present the ferry 30 people vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Theme people=Beneficiary crossing=Value
Example 3 Walk to the crossing, then turn left.
case det obl punct advmod conj advmod punct root Walk VERB to ADP the DET crossing NOUN , PUNCT then ADV turn VERB left ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Walk walk VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 to to ADP _ 4 crossing case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 crossing det 4 crossing crossing NOUN Number=Sing 1 Walk obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 turn punct 6 then then ADV PronType=Dem 7 turn advmod 7 turn turn VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Walk conj 8 left left ADV _ 7 turn advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Walk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk imperative you not said here to the crossing result vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to crossing=Result 2 turn infinitive you not said here then left property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 How many crossings to move 100 people?
advmod amod mark acl nummod obj punct root How ADV many ADJ crossings NOUN to PART move VERB 100 NUM people NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 crossings amod 3 crossings crossing NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 to to PART _ 5 move mark 5 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 crossings acl 6 100 100 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 people nummod 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 move obj 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 crossings punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move to-infinitive 100 people vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme people=Result
Example 5 Always use the zebra crossing near the school.
nsubj det compound obj case det obl punct root Always NOUN use VERB the DET zebra NOUN crossing NOUN near ADP the DET school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Always alway NOUN Number=Plur 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 crossing det 4 zebra zebra NOUN Number=Sing 5 crossing compound 5 crossing crossing NOUN Number=Sing 2 use obj 6 near near ADP _ 8 school case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 school det 8 school school NOUN Number=Sing 2 use obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Always the zebra crossing the school vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crossing=Patient
Example 6 Wait for the green man at the crossing.
case det amod obl case det obl punct root Wait VERB for ADP the DET green ADJ man NOUN at ADP the DET crossing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wait wait VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 2 for for ADP _ 5 man case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 man det 4 green green ADJ Degree=Pos 5 man amod 5 man man NOUN Number=Sing 1 Wait obl 6 at at ADP _ 8 crossing case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 crossing det 8 crossing crossing NOUN Number=Sing 1 Wait obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wait punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wait imperative you not said here the crossing for the green man vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at crossing=Location
Example 7 The crossing guard held up her stop sign.
det compound nsubj compound:prt nmod:poss compound obj punct root The DET crossing NOUN guard NOUN held VERB up ADP her PRON stop NOUN sign NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 guard det 2 crossing crossing NOUN Number=Sing 3 guard compound 3 guard guard NOUN Number=Sing 4 held nsubj 4 held hold VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 up up ADP _ 4 held compound:prt 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 sign nmod:poss 7 stop stop NOUN Number=Sing 8 sign compound 8 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 4 held obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 held punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold up participle the crossing guard guard's stop sign vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot sign=Theme 2 sign guard nom sign «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 The ferry crossing to the island takes an hour.
det nsubj acl case det obl det obj punct root The DET ferry NOUN crossing VERB to ADP the DET island NOUN takes VERB an DET hour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ferry det 2 ferry ferry NOUN Number=Sing 7 takes nsubj 3 crossing cross VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 ferry acl 4 to to ADP _ 6 island case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 island det 6 island island NOUN Number=Sing 3 crossing obl 7 takes take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 hour det 9 hour hour NOUN Number=Sing 7 takes obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 takes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cross gerund the ferry not said here the island vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to island=Initial_Location 2 take present the ferry hour vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 9 They were crossing a very rough, snowy field when Jane first noticed the animals.
The tree, 14 words nsubj aux det advmod amod punct amod obj mark nsubj advmod advcl det obj punct root They PRON were AUX crossing VERB a DET very ADV rough ADJ , PUNCT snowy ADJ field NOUN when SCONJ Jane PROPN first ADV noticed VERB the DET animals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 crossing nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 crossing aux 3 crossing cross VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 field det 5 very very ADV _ 6 rough advmod 6 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 9 field amod 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 rough punct 8 snowy snowy ADJ Degree=Pos 9 field amod 9 field field NOUN Number=Sing 3 crossing obj 10 when when SCONJ _ 13 noticed mark 11 Jane Jane PROPN Number=Sing 13 noticed nsubj 12 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 13 noticed advmod 13 noticed notice VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 crossing advcl 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 animals det 15 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 13 noticed obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 crossing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cross past · progressive They a rough snowy field vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent field=Patient 2 notice past Jane the animals first property vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer animal=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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