cruel Who acts: Cruel, pain, It, cruel giant, Laughing, stepsisters · What happens: mean, cause, not care, suffer, bear, be · To what, where: pain, purpose, animals, children, tower, someone
«cruel» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cruel in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Cruel means causing pain or suffering to people or animals on purpose, or not caring when they suffer.
The tree, 18 words nsubj xcomp obj cc conj case obl cc conj case obl punct cc advmod conj advmod nsubj advcl punct root Cruel NOUN means VERB causing VERB pain NOUN or CCONJ suffering NOUN to ADP people NOUN or CCONJ animals NOUN on ADP purpose NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ not PART caring VERB when ADV they PRON suffer VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cruel cruel NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 causing cause VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 pain pain NOUN Number=Sing 3 causing obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 suffering cc 6 suffering suffering NOUN Number=Sing 4 pain conj 7 to to ADP _ 8 people case 8 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 causing obl 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 animals cc 10 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 8 people conj 11 on on ADP _ 12 purpose case 12 purpose purpose NOUN Number=Sing 3 causing obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 caring punct 14 or or CCONJ _ 16 caring cc 15 not not PART Polarity=Neg 16 caring advmod 16 caring care VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 causing conj 17 when when ADV PronType=Int 19 suffer advmod 18 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 suffer nsubj 19 suffer suffer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 caring advcl 20 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Cruel vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 cause not said to happen gerund Cruel not said here pain or suffering purpose to people or animals vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pain=Patient 3 not care gerund Cruel not said here vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 4 suffer present pain vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Cruel can mean very hard to bear, as in cruel weather or cruel luck.
The tree, 14 words nsubj aux advmod xcomp mark xcomp punct case case amod parataxis cc amod conj punct root Cruel NOUN can AUX mean VERB very ADV hard ADJ to PART bear VERB , PUNCT as ADP in ADP cruel ADJ weather NOUN or CCONJ cruel ADJ luck NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cruel cruel NOUN Number=Sing 3 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 very very ADV _ 5 hard advmod 5 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mean xcomp 6 to to PART _ 7 bear mark 7 bear bear VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 hard xcomp 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 weather punct 9 as as ADP _ 12 weather case 10 in in ADP _ 12 weather case 11 cruel cruel ADJ Degree=Pos 12 weather amod 12 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 3 mean parataxis 13 or or CCONJ _ 15 luck cc 14 cruel cruel ADJ Degree=Pos 15 luck amod 15 luck luck NOUN Number=Sing 12 weather conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Cruel hard property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 bear to-infinitive Cruel not said here vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
Example 1 It is cruel to hurt animals.
nsubj cop mark advcl obj punct root It PRON is AUX cruel ADJ to PART hurt VERB animals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 cruel nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 cruel cop 3 cruel cruel ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 hurt mark 5 hurt hurt VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 cruel advcl 6 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 5 hurt obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 cruel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It cruel property tree rules 2 hurt to-infinitive animals vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer animal=Patient
Example 2 The cruel giant locked the children in the tower.
det amod nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET cruel ADJ giant NOUN locked VERB the DET children NOUN in ADP the DET tower NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 giant det 2 cruel cruel ADJ Degree=Pos 3 giant amod 3 giant giant NOUN Number=Sing 4 locked nsubj 4 locked lock VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 children det 6 children child NOUN Number=Plur 4 locked obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 tower case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 tower det 9 tower tower NOUN Number=Sing 4 locked obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 locked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lock past the cruel giant the children the tower vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient
Example 3 Laughing at someone who is sad is cruel.
csubj case obl nsubj cop acl:relcl cop punct root Laughing VERB at ADP someone PRON who PRON is AUX sad ADJ is AUX cruel ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Laughing laugh VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 cruel csubj 2 at at ADP _ 3 someone case 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Laughing obl 4 who who PRON PronType=Rel 6 sad nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 sad cop 6 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 3 someone acl:relcl 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 cruel cop 8 cruel cruel ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 cruel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 laugh gerund someone vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present sad property tree rules 3 is present Laughing cruel property tree rules
Example 4 Cinderella's stepsisters were cruel to her.
nmod:poss case nsubj cop case obl punct root Cinderella PROPN 's PART stepsisters NOUN were AUX cruel ADJ to ADP her PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cinderella Cinderella PROPN Number=Sing 3 stepsisters nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Cinderella case 3 stepsisters stepsister NOUN Number=Plur 5 cruel nsubj 4 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 cruel cop 5 cruel cruel ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 to to ADP _ 7 her case 7 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 cruel obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 cruel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Cinderella's stepsisters Cinderella cruel property tree rules
Example 5 The winter was cruel and long.
det nsubj cop cc conj punct root The DET winter NOUN was AUX cruel ADJ and CCONJ long ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 winter det 2 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 4 cruel nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 cruel cop 4 cruel cruel ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 long cc 6 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 4 cruel conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 cruel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the winter cruel property tree rules 2 be the winter not said here tree rules
Example 6 Don't be cruel; be kind.
advmod cop advcl punct cop conj punct root Do VERB n't PART be AUX cruel ADJ ; PUNCT be AUX kind ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 cruel advmod 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 cruel cop 4 cruel cruel ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Do advcl 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 kind punct 6 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 kind cop 7 kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Do conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do imperative you not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 not is infinitive you not said here cruel property tree rules 3 is infinitive you not said here kind property tree rules
Example 7 It was a cruel twist of fate.
nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct root It PRON was AUX a DET cruel ADJ twist NOUN of ADP fate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 twist nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 twist cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 twist det 4 cruel cruel ADJ Degree=Pos 5 twist amod 5 twist twist NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 fate case 7 fate fate NOUN Number=Sing 5 twist nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 twist punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past It a cruel twist of fate tree rules
Example 8 “How could you be so cruel?
punct advmod aux nsubj cop advmod punct root “ PUNCT How ADV could AUX you PRON be AUX so ADV cruel ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 7 cruel punct 2 How how ADV PronType=Int 7 cruel advmod 3 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 cruel aux 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 cruel nsubj 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 cruel cop 6 so so ADV _ 7 cruel advmod 7 cruel cruel ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 cruel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote could you cruel property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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