cudgel Who acts: Badger, robber, Mole, I, her, She · What happens: use, hit, cudgel, mean, think, remember · To what, where: short thick stick, someone, brains, something, cudgels, argument · Speech: someone speaks here
«cudgel» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cudgel in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A short thick stick used as a weapon; a club.
det amod amod acl case det obl punct det conj punct root A DET short ADJ thick ADJ stick NOUN used VERB as ADP a DET weapon NOUN ; PUNCT a DET club NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 stick det 2 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 4 stick amod 3 thick thick ADJ Degree=Pos 4 stick amod 4 stick stick NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 stick acl 6 as as ADP _ 8 weapon case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 weapon det 8 weapon weapon NOUN Number=Sing 5 used obl 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 club punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 club det 11 club club NOUN Number=Sing 4 stick conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 stick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use participle a short thick stick and a club not said here as a weapon vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To hit someone with a cudgel.
mark obj case det obl punct root To PART hit VERB someone PRON with ADP a DET cudgel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 hit mark 2 hit hit VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 hit obj 4 with with ADP _ 6 cudgel case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 cudgel det 6 cudgel cudgel NOUN Number=Sing 2 hit obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 hit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hit to-infinitive someone with a cudgel vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent someone=Patient with cudgel=Instrument
Meaning 3 Usage: phrase — kept apart, not parsed.
«Cudgel your brains» means think very hard to remember something.
punct csubj nmod:poss obj punct ccomp advmod ccomp mark xcomp obj punct root « PUNCT Cudgel VERB your PRON brains NOUN » PUNCT means VERB think VERB very ADV hard ADJ to PART remember VERB something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Cudgel punct 2 Cudgel cudgel VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means csubj 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 brains nmod:poss 4 brains brain NOUN Number=Plur 2 Cudgel obj 5 » » PUNCT _ 2 Cudgel punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 think think VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means ccomp 8 very very ADV _ 9 hard advmod 9 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 7 think ccomp 10 to to PART _ 11 remember mark 11 remember remember VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 hard xcomp 12 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 remember obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cudgel in a quote infinitive your brains vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brain=Patient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 think speech: other infinitive vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 remember to-infinitive something vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent something=Theme
Meaning 4 Usage: phrase — kept apart, not parsed.
«Take up the cudgels for someone» means defend them strongly in an argument.
The tree, 13 words punct nsubj compound:prt det obj case obl punct ccomp obj advmod case det obl punct root « PUNCT Take VERB up ADP the DET cudgels NOUN for ADP someone PRON » PUNCT means VERB defend VERB them PRON strongly ADV in ADP an DET argument NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Take punct 2 Take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 9 means nsubj 3 up up ADP _ 2 Take compound:prt 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cudgels det 5 cudgels cudgel NOUN Number=Plur 2 Take obj 6 for for ADP _ 7 someone case 7 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 Take obl 8 » » PUNCT _ 2 Take punct 9 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 defend defend VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 means ccomp 11 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 defend obj 12 strongly strongly ADV _ 10 defend advmod 13 in in ADP _ 15 argument case 14 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 argument det 15 argument argument NOUN Number=Sing 10 defend obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 9 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take up in a quote infinitive the cudgels for someone vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent cudgel=Theme for someone=Beneficiary 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 defend infinitive cudgels = cudgel a argument strongly property vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary
Example 1 Badger handed each friend a stout cudgel.
nsubj det obj det amod obj punct root Badger PROPN handed VERB each DET friend NOUN a DET stout ADJ cudgel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Badger Badger PROPN Number=Sing 2 handed nsubj 2 handed hand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 each each DET PronType=Tot 4 friend det 4 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 2 handed obj 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 cudgel det 6 stout stout ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cudgel amod 7 cudgel cudgel NOUN Number=Sing 2 handed obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 handed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hand past Badger a stout cudgel each friend vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent friend=Destination cudgel=Theme
Example 2 The robber waved a cudgel at the travellers.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET robber NOUN waved VERB a DET cudgel NOUN at ADP the DET travellers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 robber det 2 robber robber NOUN Number=Sing 3 waved nsubj 3 waved wave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 cudgel det 5 cudgel cudgel NOUN Number=Sing 3 waved obj 6 at at ADP _ 8 travellers case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 travellers det 8 travellers traveller NOUN Number=Plur 3 waved obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 waved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wave past the robber a cudgel the travellers vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cudgel=Patient
Example 3 Mole ran through the hall waving his cudgel.
nsubj case det obl advcl nmod:poss obj punct root Mole PROPN ran VERB through ADP the DET hall NOUN waving VERB his PRON cudgel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mole Mole PROPN Number=Sing 2 ran nsubj 2 ran run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 through through ADP _ 5 hall case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 hall det 5 hall hall NOUN Number=Sing 2 ran obl 6 waving wave VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 ran advcl 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 cudgel nmod:poss 8 cudgel cudgel NOUN Number=Sing 6 waving obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 ran punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run past Mole the hall vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through hall=Trajectory 2 wave gerund Mole not said here Mole's cudgel vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cudgel=Patient
Example 4 I cudgelled my brains but could not remember her name.
nsubj nmod:poss obj cc aux advmod conj nmod:poss obj punct root I PRON cudgelled VERB my PRON brains NOUN but CCONJ could AUX not PART remember VERB her PRON name NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 cudgelled nsubj 2 cudgelled cudgell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 brains nmod:poss 4 brains brain NOUN Number=Plur 2 cudgelled obj 5 but but CCONJ _ 8 remember cc 6 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 remember aux 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 remember advmod 8 remember remember VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 cudgelled conj 9 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 name nmod:poss 10 name name NOUN Number=Sing 8 remember obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 cudgelled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cudgell past I my brains tree rules 2 not remember could I not said here her name vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent name=Theme 3 name her = she nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 She took up the cudgels for her little brother in the argument.
nsubj compound:prt det obj case nmod:poss amod obl case det obl punct root She PRON took VERB up ADP the DET cudgels NOUN for ADP her PRON little ADJ brother NOUN in ADP the DET argument NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 took nsubj 2 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 took compound:prt 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cudgels det 5 cudgels cudgel NOUN Number=Plur 2 took obj 6 for for ADP _ 9 brother case 7 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 brother nmod:poss 8 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 9 brother amod 9 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 2 took obl 10 in in ADP _ 12 argument case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 argument det 12 argument argument NOUN Number=Sing 2 took obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take up past She the cudgels the argument for her little brother vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent cudgel=Value in argument=Location
Example 6 The guard carried a heavy cudgel.
det nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET guard NOUN carried VERB a DET heavy ADJ cudgel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 guard det 2 guard guard NOUN Number=Sing 3 carried nsubj 3 carried carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 cudgel det 5 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 cudgel amod 6 cudgel cudgel NOUN Number=Sing 3 carried obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 carried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry past the guard a heavy cudgel vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cudgel=Theme
Example 7 How can I forget the blow with the cudgel?
advmod aux nsubj det obj case det obl punct root How ADV can AUX I PRON forget VERB the DET blow NOUN with ADP the DET cudgel NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 4 forget advmod 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 forget aux 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 forget nsubj 4 forget forget VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 blow det 6 blow blow NOUN Number=Sing 4 forget obj 7 with with ADP _ 9 cudgel case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 cudgel det 9 cudgel cudgel NOUN Number=Sing 4 forget obl 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 forget punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forget can I the blow with the cudgel tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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