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cultivation

Who acts: Rice cultivation, field, cultivation, Good cultivation, seeds, Learning · What happens: prepare, grow, cultivate, develop, educate, have · To what, where: land, crops, rice, skill, good manners, lot

«cultivation» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cultivation in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Preparing land and growing crops or plants on it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Preparing	prepare	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Preparing	obj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 growing	cc
4	growing	grow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Preparing	conj
5	crops	crop	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 growing	obj
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 plants	cc
7	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 crops	conj
8	on	on	ADP	_	9 it	case
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 growing	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Preparing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prepare	gerund		land					vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Patient
2	grow	gerund		crops or plants		land			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location crop=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

The growing of a particular plant: «the cultivation of rice».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 plant	det
2	growing	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 plant	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 plant	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 plant	det
5	particular	particular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 plant	amod
6	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 cultivation	punct
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 cultivation	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 cultivation	det
10	cultivation	cultivation	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 plant	appos
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 rice	case
12	rice	rice	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 cultivation	nmod
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 cultivation	punct
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 plant	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	gerund							vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	cultivate in a quote			rice					nom cultivation «act transitive»: of=patient

Meaning 3

Developing a skill, quality or friendship carefully over time.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Developing	develop	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 skill	det
3	skill	skill	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Developing	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 quality	punct
5	quality	quality	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 skill	conj
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 friendship	cc
7	friendship	friendship	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 skill	conj
8	carefully	carefully	ADV	_	1 Developing	advmod
9	over	over	ADP	_	10 time	case
10	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Developing	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Developing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	develop	gerund		a skill and quality or friendship			time	carefully property	vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skill=Product

Meaning 4

Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

Being educated and having good manners and taste.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 educated	aux:pass
2	educated	educate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 having	cc
4	having	have	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 educated	conj
5	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 manners	amod
6	manners	manners	NOUN	Number=Ptan	4 having	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 taste	cc
8	taste	taste	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 manners	conj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 educated	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	educate speech: other	gerund · passive							vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP.recipient»
2	have	gerund		good manners and taste					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent manners=Patient

Example 1

Rice cultivation needs a lot of water.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rice	rice	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cultivation	compound
2	cultivation	cultivation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 needs	nsubj
3	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 lot	det
5	lot	lot	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 needs	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 water	case
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lot	nmod
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 needs	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	Rice cultivation	a lot of water					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot lot=Theme

Example 2

This field has been under cultivation for many years.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	This	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 field	det
2	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cultivation	nsubj
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 cultivation	aux
4	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 cultivation	cop
5	under	under	ADP	_	6 cultivation	case
6	cultivation	cultivation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 years	case
8	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 years	amod
9	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 cultivation	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 cultivation	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present · perfect	this field			cultivation	year		tree rules

Example 3

The cultivation of potatoes spread across Europe.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cultivation	det
2	cultivation	cultivation	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 spread	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 potatoes	case
4	potatoes	potato	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 cultivation	nmod
5	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	across	across	ADP	_	7 Europe	case
7	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 spread	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 spread	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spread	past	the cultivation of potatoes			Europe			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme across europe=Destination
2	cultivate			potatoes					nom cultivation «act transitive»: of=patient

Example 4

Good cultivation of the soil helps the seeds grow.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 cultivation	amod
2	cultivation	cultivation	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 helps	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 soil	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 soil	det
5	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cultivation	nmod
6	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 seeds	det
8	seeds	seed	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 grow	nsubj
9	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 helps	xcomp
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 helps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present	Good cultivation of the soil						vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	grow	present	the seeds						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	cultivate			the soil					nom cultivation «act transitive»: of=patient

Example 5

Learning an instrument needs patient cultivation of skill.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Learning	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 needs	csubj
2	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 instrument	det
3	instrument	instrument	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Learning	obj
4	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	patient	patient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 cultivation	amod
6	cultivation	cultivation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 needs	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 skill	case
8	skill	skill	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cultivation	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 needs	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	gerund		a instrument					vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instrument=Topic
2	need	present	Learning	patient cultivation of skill					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot cultivation=Theme
3	cultivate			skill					nom cultivation «act transitive»: of=patient

Example 6

Terraces make cultivation possible on steep hills.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Terraces	terrace	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	cultivation	cultivation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obj
4	possible	possible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 make	xcomp
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 hills	case
6	steep	steep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 hills	amod
7	hills	hill	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Terraces	cultivation		steep hills		possible property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cultivation=Product

Example 7

(formal) She was a woman of great cultivation and charm.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 formal	punct
2	formal	formal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 woman	nsubj
3	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 formal	punct
4	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 woman	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 woman	cop
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 woman	det
7	woman	woman	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 cultivation	case
9	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 cultivation	amod
10	cultivation	cultivation	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 woman	nmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 charm	cc
12	charm	charm	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 cultivation	conj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 woman	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	formal	a woman				of great cultivation and charm	tree rules

Example 8

He accordingly gathered round him his zealous followers, and they set forth on their travels, planting the vine and teaching its cultivation wherever they went.

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 gathered	nsubj
2	accordingly	accordingly	ADV	_	3 gathered	advmod
3	gathered	gather	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	round	round	ADP	_	5 him	case
5	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 gathered	obl
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 followers	nmod:poss
7	zealous	zealous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 followers	amod
8	followers	follower	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 gathered	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 set	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 set	cc
11	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 set	nsubj
12	set	set	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 gathered	conj
13	forth	forth	ADV	_	12 set	advmod
14	on	on	SCONJ	_	16 travels	mark
15	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 travels	nmod:poss
16	travels	travel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 set	advcl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 planting	punct
18	planting	plant	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 travels	advcl
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 vine	det
20	vine	vine	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 planting	obj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 teaching	cc
22	teaching	teach	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	18 planting	conj
23	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	24 cultivation	nmod:poss
24	cultivation	cultivation	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 teaching	obj
25	wherever	wherever	ADV	PronType=Int	27 went	advmod
26	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 went	nsubj
27	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 teaching	conj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 gathered	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	gather	past	He	his zealous followers				round him = he; accordingly property	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent follower=Theme
2	set	present	followers = follower					forth property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	travel	present	followers = follower not said here						vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	plant	gerund	followers = follower not said here	the vine					vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vine=Patient
5	teach speech: other	gerund	followers = follower not said here	vine's cultivation					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent cultivation=Recipient
6	go	past	followers = follower					wherever property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	cultivate		vine						nom cultivation «act transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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