cunning Who acts: Cunning, you, cunning plan, skill, cunning fox, I · What happens: mean, trick, get, want, be, think out · To what, where: people, sly way, skill, cunning little puppy, crow, cheese
«cunning» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cunning in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Cunning means clever at tricking people or getting what you want, often in a sly or dishonest way.
The tree, 18 words nsubj xcomp mark advcl obj cc conj obj nsubj ccomp punct advmod case det amod cc conj obl punct root Cunning NOUN means VERB clever ADJ at SCONJ tricking VERB people NOUN or CCONJ getting VERB what PRON you PRON want VERB , PUNCT often ADV in ADP a DET sly ADJ or CCONJ dishonest ADJ way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cunning cunning NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 clever clever ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 4 at at SCONJ _ 5 tricking mark 5 tricking trick VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 means advcl 6 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 tricking obj 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 getting cc 8 getting get VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 tricking conj 9 what what PRON PronType=Int 11 want obj 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 want nsubj 11 want want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 getting ccomp 12 , , PUNCT _ 19 way punct 13 often often ADV _ 19 way advmod 14 in in ADP _ 19 way case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 way det 16 sly sly ADJ Degree=Pos 19 way amod 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 dishonest cc 18 dishonest dishonest ADJ Degree=Pos 16 sly conj 19 way way NOUN Number=Sing 5 tricking obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Cunning clever property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 trick gerund Cunning not said here people a sly way vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient 3 get gerund Cunning not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 4 want present you vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot what=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A cunning plan or idea is clever and well thought out.
det amod nsubj cc conj cop cc advmod conj compound:prt punct root A DET cunning ADJ plan NOUN or CCONJ idea NOUN is AUX clever ADJ and CCONJ well ADV thought VERB out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 plan det 2 cunning cunning ADJ Degree=Pos 3 plan amod 3 plan plan NOUN Number=Sing 7 clever nsubj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 idea cc 5 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 3 plan conj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 clever cop 7 clever clever ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 thought cc 9 well well ADV Degree=Pos 10 thought advmod 10 thought think VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 clever conj 11 out out ADP _ 10 thought compound:prt 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 clever punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a cunning plan or idea clever property tree rules 2 think out speech: other participle a cunning plan or idea not said here well property vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Cunning (noun) is the skill of tricking or deceiving people.
nsubj punct appos punct cop det mark acl cc conj obj punct root Cunning NOUN ( PUNCT noun NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX the DET skill NOUN of SCONJ tricking VERB or CCONJ deceiving VERB people NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cunning cunning NOUN Number=Sing 7 skill nsubj 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 noun punct 3 noun noun NOUN Number=Sing 1 Cunning appos 4 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 noun punct 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 skill cop 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 skill det 7 skill skill NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of SCONJ _ 9 tricking mark 9 tricking trick VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 skill acl 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 deceiving cc 11 deceiving deceive VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 tricking conj 12 people people NOUN Number=Plur 11 deceiving obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 skill punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Cunning the skill tree rules 2 trick gerund the skill not said here vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 deceive gerund the skill not said here people vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient
Meaning 4 Usage: US, old informal — kept apart, not parsed.
Cunning can mean cute: a cunning little puppy.
nsubj aux xcomp punct det amod amod obl punct root Cunning NOUN can AUX mean VERB cute ADJ : PUNCT a DET cunning ADJ little ADJ puppy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cunning cunning NOUN Number=Sing 3 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 cute cute ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mean xcomp 5 : : PUNCT _ 9 puppy punct 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 puppy det 7 cunning cunning ADJ Degree=Pos 9 puppy amod 8 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 9 puppy amod 9 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 3 mean obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Cunning a cunning little puppy cute property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The cunning fox tricked the crow into dropping her cheese.
det compound nsubj det obj mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct root The DET cunning NOUN fox NOUN tricked VERB the DET crow NOUN into SCONJ dropping VERB her PRON cheese NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 fox det 2 cunning cunning NOUN Number=Sing 3 fox compound 3 fox fox NOUN Number=Sing 4 tricked nsubj 4 tricked trick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 crow det 6 crow crow NOUN Number=Sing 4 tricked obj 7 into into SCONJ _ 8 dropping mark 8 dropping drop VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 tricked advcl 9 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 cheese nmod:poss 10 cheese cheese NOUN Number=Sing 8 dropping obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 tricked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trick past the cunning fox the crow vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crow=Patient 2 drop gerund the cunning fox not said here fox's cheese vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cheese=Theme
Example 2 I have a cunning plan to win the treasure hunt.
nsubj det amod obj mark acl det compound obj punct root I PRON have VERB a DET cunning ADJ plan NOUN to PART win VERB the DET treasure NOUN hunt NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 plan det 4 cunning cunning ADJ Degree=Pos 5 plan amod 5 plan plan NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 6 to to PART _ 7 win mark 7 win win VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 plan acl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 hunt det 9 treasure treasure NOUN Number=Sing 10 hunt compound 10 hunt hunt NOUN Number=Sing 7 win obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present I a cunning plan vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plan=Patient 2 win to-infinitive I not said here the treasure hunt vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hunt=Eventuality
Example 3 The thief used cunning to get past the guards.
det nsubj obj mark advcl case det obl punct root The DET thief NOUN used VERB cunning NOUN to PART get VERB past ADP the DET guards NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 thief det 2 thief thief NOUN Number=Sing 3 used nsubj 3 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 cunning cunning NOUN Number=Sing 3 used obj 5 to to PART _ 6 get mark 6 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 used advcl 7 past past ADP _ 9 guards case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 guards det 9 guards guard NOUN Number=Plur 6 get obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past the thief cunning vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cunning=Patient 2 get to-infinitive the thief not said here the guards vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme past guard=Destination
Example 4 Odysseus was famous for his cunning in the Trojan horse story.
nsubj cop case nmod:poss obl case det amod compound nmod punct root Odysseus PROPN was AUX famous ADJ for ADP his PRON cunning NOUN in ADP the DET Trojan ADJ horse NOUN story NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Odysseus Odysseus PROPN Number=Sing 3 famous nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 famous cop 3 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 for for ADP _ 6 cunning case 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 cunning nmod:poss 6 cunning cunning NOUN Number=Sing 3 famous obl 7 in in ADP _ 11 story case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 story det 9 Trojan trojan ADJ Degree=Pos 11 story amod 10 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 11 story compound 11 story story NOUN Number=Sing 6 cunning nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 famous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Odysseus for Odysseus's cunning in the Trojan horse story; famous property tree rules
Example 5 The cunning cat waited until we left the kitchen.
det compound nsubj mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root The DET cunning NOUN cat NOUN waited VERB until SCONJ we PRON left VERB the DET kitchen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 cat det 2 cunning cunning NOUN Number=Sing 3 cat compound 3 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 4 waited nsubj 4 waited wait VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 until until SCONJ _ 7 left mark 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 left nsubj 7 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 waited advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 kitchen det 9 kitchen kitchen NOUN Number=Sing 7 left obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 waited punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wait past the cunning cat vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 leave past we the kitchen vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kitchen=Theme
Example 6 Scammers can be very cunning, so never share your password.
nsubj aux cop advmod punct advmod advmod parataxis nmod:poss obj punct root Scammers NOUN can AUX be AUX very ADV cunning ADJ , PUNCT so ADV never ADV share VERB your PRON password NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scammers scammer NOUN Number=Plur 5 cunning nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 cunning aux 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 cunning cop 4 very very ADV _ 5 cunning advmod 5 cunning cunning ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 share punct 7 so so ADV _ 9 share advmod 8 never never ADV PronType=Neg 9 share advmod 9 share share VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 cunning parataxis 10 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 password nmod:poss 11 password password NOUN Number=Sing 9 share obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 cunning punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is can Scammers cunning property tree rules 2 not share infinitive your password tree rules
Example 7 Common sense is always worth more than cunning.
amod nsubj cop advmod obj case obl punct root Common ADJ sense NOUN is AUX always ADV worth ADJ more ADJ than ADP cunning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Common common ADJ Degree=Pos 2 sense amod 2 sense sense NOUN Number=Sing 5 worth nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 worth cop 4 always always ADV PronType=Tot 5 worth advmod 5 worth worth ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 worth obj 7 than than ADP _ 8 cunning case 8 cunning cunning NOUN Number=Sing 6 more obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 worth punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Common sense always, worth property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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