cupcake Who acts: cupcake, dozen cupcakes, Mom, She, tray, We · What happens: be, bake, cost, share, hold, sell · To what, where: small cake, 12 cupcakes, 24 cupcakes, 18 cupcakes, cupcakes, bake sale
«cupcake» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cupcake in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A cupcake is a small cake baked in a paper or foil cup, often with icing on top. A dozen cupcakes is 12 cupcakes.
Sentence 1: A cupcake is a small cake baked in a paper or foil cup, often with icing on top.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det amod acl case det obl cc compound conj punct advmod case conj case nmod punct root A DET cupcake NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ cake NOUN baked VERB in ADP a DET paper NOUN or CCONJ foil NOUN cup NOUN , PUNCT often ADV with ADP icing NOUN on ADP top NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cupcake det 2 cupcake cupcake NOUN Number=Sing 6 cake nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 cake cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 cake det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 cake amod 6 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 baked bake VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 cake acl 8 in in ADP _ 10 paper case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 paper det 10 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 7 baked obl 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 cup cc 12 foil foil NOUN Number=Sing 13 cup compound 13 cup cup NOUN Number=Sing 10 paper conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 icing punct 15 often often ADV _ 17 icing advmod 16 with with ADP _ 17 icing case 17 icing icing NOUN Number=Sing 10 paper conj 18 on on ADP _ 19 top case 19 top top NOUN Number=Sing 17 icing nmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 6 cake punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a cupcake a small cake tree rules 2 bake participle a small cake not said here in a paper or foil cup and icing on top vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient in paper=Instrument
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: A dozen cupcakes is 12 cupcakes.
det nummod nsubj cop nummod punct root A DET dozen NUM cupcakes NOUN is AUX 12 NUM cupcakes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 dozen det 2 dozen dozen NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 cupcakes nummod 3 cupcakes cupcake NOUN Number=Plur 6 cupcakes nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 cupcakes cop 5 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 cupcakes nummod 6 cupcakes cupcake NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 cupcakes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present dozen cupcakes 12 cupcakes tree rules
Example 1 Mom baked 24 cupcakes.
nsubj nummod obj punct root Mom NOUN baked VERB 24 NUM cupcakes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mom mom NOUN Number=Sing 2 baked nsubj 2 baked bake VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 3 24 24 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 cupcakes nummod 4 cupcakes cupcake NOUN Number=Plur 2 baked obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 baked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bake participle Mom 24 cupcakes vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cupcake=Product
Example 2 Each cupcake costs $2.
det nsubj obj nummod punct root Each DET cupcake NOUN costs VERB $ SYM 2 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 cupcake det 2 cupcake cupcake NOUN Number=Sing 3 costs nsubj 3 costs cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 $ $ SYM _ 3 costs obj 5 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 $ nummod 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 costs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present each cupcake vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme $=Value
Example 3 She shared 18 cupcakes among 6 friends.
nsubj nummod obj case nummod obl punct root She PRON shared VERB 18 NUM cupcakes NOUN among ADP 6 NUM friends NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 shared nsubj 2 shared share VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 18 18 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 cupcakes nummod 4 cupcakes cupcake NOUN Number=Plur 2 shared obj 5 among among ADP _ 7 friends case 6 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 friends nummod 7 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 2 shared obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 shared punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 share past She 18 cupcakes among 6 friends tree rules
Example 4 A tray holds 12 cupcakes.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root A DET tray NOUN holds VERB 12 NUM cupcakes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 tray det 2 tray tray NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds nsubj 3 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 cupcakes nummod 5 cupcakes cupcake NOUN Number=Plur 3 holds obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present a tray 12 cupcakes vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cupcake=Theme
Example 5 We sold cupcakes at the bake sale.
nsubj obj case det compound obl punct root We PRON sold VERB cupcakes NOUN at ADP the DET bake NOUN sale NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 sold nsubj 2 sold sell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 cupcakes cupcake NOUN Number=Plur 2 sold obj 4 at at ADP _ 7 sale case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sale det 6 bake bake NOUN Number=Sing 7 sale compound 7 sale sale NOUN Number=Sing 2 sold obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 sold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sell past We cupcakes the bake sale vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent cupcake=Theme at sale=Asset
Example 6 She put pink icing on each cupcake.
nsubj amod obj case det obl punct root She PRON put VERB pink ADJ icing NOUN on ADP each DET cupcake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 put nsubj 2 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 pink pink ADJ Degree=Pos 4 icing amod 4 icing icing NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 cupcake case 6 each each DET PronType=Tot 7 cupcake det 7 cupcake cupcake NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past She pink icing each cupcake vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent icing=Theme on cupcake=Destination
Example 7 Let the cupcakes cool before you ice them.
det nsubj parataxis case nsubj obl obj punct root Let VERB the DET cupcakes NOUN cool VERB before ADP you PRON ice NOUN them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 cupcakes det 3 cupcakes cupcake NOUN Number=Plur 4 cool nsubj 4 cool cool VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Let parataxis 5 before before ADP _ 7 ice case 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 ice nsubj 7 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 4 cool obl 8 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 ice obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let imperative you not said here vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent 2 cool present the cupcakes before ice vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 8 He brought cupcakes for his birthday.
nsubj obj case nmod:poss obl punct root He PRON brought VERB cupcakes NOUN for ADP his PRON birthday NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 brought nsubj 2 brought bring VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 cupcakes cupcake NOUN Number=Plur 2 brought obj 4 for for ADP _ 6 birthday case 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 birthday nmod:poss 6 birthday birthday NOUN Number=Sing 2 brought obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 brought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bring past He cupcakes for his birthday vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent cupcake=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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