curtly Who acts: Curtly, he, clerk, Caterpillar, She, tales · What happens: mean, use, say, shut, tell, wait · To what, where: few words, door, us, Alice, letter, tellin · Speech: someone speaks here
«curtly» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: curtly in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Curtly means in a short, rude, unfriendly way, using very few words.
The tree, 12 words nsubj case det amod punct conj punct amod obl punct conj advmod amod obj punct root Curtly PROPN means VERB in ADP a DET short ADJ , PUNCT rude ADJ , PUNCT unfriendly ADJ way NOUN , PUNCT using VERB very ADV few ADJ words NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Curtly Curtly PROPN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 10 way case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 way det 5 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 10 way amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 rude punct 7 rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos 5 short conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 5 short punct 9 unfriendly unfriendly ADJ Degree=Pos 10 way amod 10 way way NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 using punct 12 using use VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 means conj 13 very very ADV _ 14 few advmod 14 few few ADJ Degree=Pos 15 words amod 15 words word NOUN Number=Plur 12 using obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Curtly in a short unfriendly way vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in way=Attribute 2 use gerund Curtly not said here few words vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 «No,» he said curtly, and shut the door.
punct ccomp punct punct nsubj xcomp punct cc conj det obj punct root « PUNCT No INTJ , PUNCT » PUNCT he PRON said VERB curtly ADJ , PUNCT and CCONJ shut VERB the DET door NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 6 said punct 2 No no INTJ Polarity=Neg 6 said ccomp 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 said punct 4 » » PUNCT _ 6 said punct 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 said nsubj 6 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 curtly curtly ADJ Degree=Pos 6 said xcomp 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 shut punct 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 shut cc 10 shut shut VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 said conj 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 door det 12 door door NOUN Number=Sing 10 shut obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past he curtly property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 shut infinitive he not said here the door vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent door=Patient
Example 2 The clerk curtly told us to wait.
det nsubj advmod iobj mark xcomp punct root The DET clerk NOUN curtly ADV told VERB us PRON to PART wait VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 clerk det 2 clerk clerk NOUN Number=Sing 4 told nsubj 3 curtly curtly ADV _ 4 told advmod 4 told tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 told iobj 6 to to PART _ 7 wait mark 7 wait wait VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 told xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 told punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert past the clerk us curtly property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic 2 wait not said to happen to-infinitive the clerk not said here vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 The Caterpillar answered Alice curtly.
det nsubj obj advmod punct root The DET Caterpillar PROPN answered VERB Alice PROPN curtly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Caterpillar det 2 Caterpillar Caterpillar PROPN Number=Sing 3 answered nsubj 3 answered answer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 Alice Alice PROPN Number=Sing 3 answered obj 5 curtly curtly ADV _ 3 answered advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 answered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 answer speech: assert past the Caterpillar Alice curtly property vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent alice=Eventuality
Example 4 She nodded curtly and walked away.
nsubj advmod cc conj advmod punct root She PRON nodded VERB curtly ADV and CCONJ walked VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 nodded nsubj 2 nodded nod VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 curtly curtly ADV _ 2 nodded advmod 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 walked cc 5 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 nodded conj 6 away away ADV _ 5 walked advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 nodded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 nod past She curtly property vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 walk away past She not said here away property vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 He curtly refused to help.
nsubj advmod mark xcomp punct root He PRON curtly ADV refused VERB to PART help VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 refused nsubj 2 curtly curtly ADV _ 3 refused advmod 3 refused refuse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 help mark 5 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 refused xcomp 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 refused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 refuse past He curtly property vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 not help to-infinitive He not said here vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
Example 6 The letter was curtly written.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass nsubj:pass punct root The DET letter NOUN was AUX curtly ADJ written VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 letter det 2 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 5 written nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 written aux:pass 4 curtly curtly ADJ Degree=Pos 5 written nsubj:pass 5 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 written punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past · passive the letter vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 7 "I ain't tellin' no tales ter bad chilluns," said Uncle Remus curtly.
The tree, 13 words punct nsubj cop advmod ccomp punct det nsubj compound amod nmod punct punct compound nsubj advmod punct root " PUNCT I PRON ai AUX n't PART tellin NOUN ' PUNCT no DET tales NOUN ter X bad ADJ chilluns NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB Uncle PROPN Remus PROPN curtly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 tellin punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 tellin nsubj 3 ai be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 tellin cop 4 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 5 tellin advmod 5 tellin tellin NOUN Number=Sing 14 said ccomp 6 ' ' PUNCT _ 5 tellin punct 7 no no DET PronType=Neg 8 tales det 8 tales tale NOUN Number=Plur 14 said nsubj 9 ter ter X _ 11 chilluns compound 10 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 11 chilluns amod 11 chilluns chillun NOUN Number=Plur 8 tales nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 11 chilluns punct 13 " " PUNCT _ 11 chilluns punct 14 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 15 Uncle Uncle PROPN Number=Sing 16 Remus compound 16 Remus Remus PROPN Number=Sing 14 said nsubj 17 curtly curtly ADV _ 14 said advmod 18 . . PUNCT _ 14 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is a in a quote present no tales ter bad chilluns = tale tellin tree rules 2 say speech: assert past no tales ter bad chilluns curtly property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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