cutting Who acts: cutting, piece, words, wind, I, you · What happens: mean, use, divide, open, be, cut · To what, where: knife, something, small piece, plant, new plant, piece · Speech: someone speaks here
«cutting» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cutting in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 As part of the verb, cutting means using a knife, scissors or other sharp tool to divide or open something now.
The tree, 21 words case obl case det nmod punct nsubj xcomp det obj punct conj cc amod amod conj mark advcl cc conj obj advmod punct root As ADP part NOUN of ADP the DET verb NOUN , PUNCT cutting NOUN means VERB using VERB a DET knife NOUN , PUNCT scissors NOUN or CCONJ other ADJ sharp ADJ tool NOUN to PART divide VERB or CCONJ open VERB something PRON now ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 2 part case 2 part part NOUN Number=Sing 8 means obl 3 of of ADP _ 5 verb case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 verb det 5 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 2 part nmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 2 part punct 7 cutting cutting NOUN Number=Sing 8 means nsubj 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 using use VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 means xcomp 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 knife det 11 knife knife NOUN Number=Sing 9 using obj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 scissors punct 13 scissors scissors NOUN Number=Plur 11 knife conj 14 or or CCONJ _ 17 tool cc 15 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 17 tool amod 16 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 17 tool amod 17 tool tool NOUN Number=Sing 11 knife conj 18 to to PART _ 19 divide mark 19 divide divide VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 using advcl 20 or or CCONJ _ 21 open cc 21 open open VERB VerbForm=Inf 19 divide conj 22 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 21 open obj 23 now now ADV PronType=Dem 21 open advmod 24 . . PUNCT _ 8 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present cutting as part of the verb vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 use not said to happen gerund cutting not said here a knife and scissors or other sharp tool vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knife=Patient 3 divide to-infinitive cutting not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 4 open infinitive cutting not said here something now vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location something=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A cutting is a small piece cut from a plant so that it grows into a new plant.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det amod acl case det obl mark fixed nsubj advcl case det amod obl punct root A DET cutting NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ piece NOUN cut VERB from ADP a DET plant NOUN so SCONJ that SCONJ it PRON grows VERB into ADP a DET new ADJ plant NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cutting det 2 cutting cutting NOUN Number=Sing 6 piece nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 piece cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 piece det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 piece amod 6 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 cut cut VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 piece acl 8 from from ADP _ 10 plant case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 plant det 10 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 7 cut obl 11 so so SCONJ ExtPos=SCONJ 14 grows mark 12 that that SCONJ _ 11 so fixed 13 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 grows nsubj 14 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 cut advcl 15 into into ADP _ 18 plant case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 plant det 17 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 18 plant amod 18 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 14 grows obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 6 piece punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a cutting a small piece tree rules 2 cut participle a small piece not said here a plant vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from plant=Location 3 grow present cutting into a new plant result vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into plant=Result
Meaning 3 A cutting (UK) is a piece cut out of a newspaper.
det nsubj punct appos punct cop det acl case case det obl punct root A DET cutting NOUN ( PUNCT UK PROPN ) PUNCT is AUX a DET piece NOUN cut VERB out ADP of ADP a DET newspaper NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cutting det 2 cutting cutting NOUN Number=Sing 8 piece nsubj 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 UK punct 4 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 2 cutting appos 5 ) ) PUNCT _ 4 UK punct 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 piece cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 piece det 8 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 cut cut VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 piece acl 10 out out ADP _ 13 newspaper case 11 of of ADP _ 13 newspaper case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 newspaper det 13 newspaper newspaper NOUN Number=Sing 9 cut obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 piece punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a cutting a piece tree rules 2 cut out participle a piece not said here a newspaper vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector newspaper=Eventuality
Meaning 4 Cutting (adjective) describes words that are unkind and hurt: «a cutting remark», or wind that is very cold.
The tree, 18 words csubj punct obj punct obj nsubj cop acl:relcl cc conj punct punct det amod obl punct punct cc appos nsubj cop advmod acl:relcl punct root Cutting VERB ( PUNCT adjective NOUN ) PUNCT describes VERB words NOUN that PRON are AUX unkind ADJ and CCONJ hurt VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET cutting VERB remark NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT or CCONJ wind NOUN that PRON is AUX very ADV cold ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cutting cut VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 describes csubj 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 adjective punct 3 adjective adjective NOUN Number=Sing 1 Cutting obj 4 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 adjective punct 5 describes describe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 words word NOUN Number=Plur 5 describes obj 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 unkind nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 unkind cop 9 unkind unkind ADJ Degree=Pos 6 words acl:relcl 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 hurt cc 11 hurt hurt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 unkind conj 12 : : PUNCT _ 11 hurt punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 16 remark punct 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 remark det 15 cutting cut VERB VerbForm=Ger 16 remark amod 16 remark remark NOUN Number=Sing 11 hurt obl 17 » » PUNCT _ 16 remark punct 18 , , PUNCT _ 20 wind punct 19 or or CCONJ _ 20 wind cc 20 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 16 remark appos 21 that that PRON PronType=Rel 24 cold nsubj 22 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 24 cold cop 23 very very ADV _ 24 cold advmod 24 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 20 wind acl:relcl 25 . . PUNCT _ 5 describes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut gerund adjective vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset adjective=Product 2 describe present Cutting words vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent word=Theme 3 is present words unkind property tree rules 4 hurt past words not said here a cutting remark vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 5 cut in a quote gerund vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 6 is present wind cold property tree rules
Example 1 I am cutting out shapes for the poster.
nsubj aux compound:prt obj case det obl punct root I PRON am AUX cutting VERB out ADP shapes NOUN for ADP the DET poster NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 cutting nsubj 2 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 cutting aux 3 cutting cut VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 out out ADP _ 3 cutting compound:prt 5 shapes shape NOUN Number=Plur 3 cutting obj 6 for for ADP _ 8 poster case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 poster det 8 poster poster NOUN Number=Sing 3 cutting obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 cutting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut out present · progressive I shapes for the poster vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector shape=Eventuality
Example 2 Use a board when cutting vegetables.
det obj advmod advcl obj punct root Use VERB a DET board NOUN when ADV cutting VERB vegetables NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 board det 3 board board NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obj 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 5 cutting advmod 5 cutting cut VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Use advcl 6 vegetables vegetable NOUN Number=Plur 5 cutting obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use imperative you not said here a board vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent board=Patient 2 cut gerund you not said here vegetables vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset vegetable=Product
Example 3 Always cut away from your hand.
advmod advmod case nmod:poss obl punct root Always ADV cut VERB away ADV from ADP your PRON hand NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Always always ADV PronType=Tot 2 cut advmod 2 cut cut VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 away away ADV _ 2 cut advmod 4 from from ADP _ 6 hand case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 hand nmod:poss 6 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 2 cut obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut away imperative you not said here your hand always, away property vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from hand=Location
Example 4 We grew a new plant from a cutting.
nsubj det amod obj case det obl punct root We PRON grew VERB a DET new ADJ plant NOUN from ADP a DET cutting NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 grew nsubj 2 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 plant det 4 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 5 plant amod 5 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 2 grew obj 6 from from ADP _ 8 cutting case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 cutting det 8 cutting cutting NOUN Number=Sing 2 grew obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 grew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow past We a new plant a cutting vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent plant=Product from cutting=Material
Example 5 Grandma keeps newspaper cuttings in a box.
nsubj compound obj case det obl punct root Grandma NOUN keeps VERB newspaper NOUN cuttings NOUN in ADP a DET box NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 2 keeps nsubj 2 keeps keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 newspaper newspaper NOUN Number=Sing 4 cuttings compound 4 cuttings cutting NOUN Number=Plur 2 keeps obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 box case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 box det 7 box box NOUN Number=Sing 2 keeps obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 keeps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep present Grandma newspaper cuttings a box vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent cutting=Theme in box=Location
Example 6 A cutting wind blew off the sea.
det compound nsubj case det obl punct root A DET cutting NOUN wind NOUN blew VERB off ADP the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 wind det 2 cutting cutting NOUN Number=Sing 3 wind compound 3 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 4 blew nsubj 4 blew blow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 off off ADP _ 7 sea case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sea det 7 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 4 blew obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 blew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blow off past a cutting wind the sea vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent sea=Patient
Example 7 Stop cutting in the queue!
xcomp case det obl punct root Stop VERB cutting VERB in ADP the DET queue NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 cutting cut VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Stop xcomp 3 in in ADP _ 5 queue case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 queue det 5 queue queue NOUN Number=Sing 2 cutting obl 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 cut gerund you not said here the queue vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 8 That was a cutting thing to say.
nsubj cop det compound mark acl punct root That PRON was AUX a DET cutting NOUN thing NOUN to PART say VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 thing nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 thing cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 thing det 4 cutting cutting NOUN Number=Sing 5 thing compound 5 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 to to PART _ 7 say mark 7 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 thing acl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 thing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past That a cutting thing tree rules 2 say speech: assert to-infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 9 “Barbecue, Flint—what house?” came the cutting retort.
punct compound punct ccomp punct det obl punct punct det compound obj punct root “ PUNCT Barbecue NOUN , PUNCT Flint VERB — PUNCT what DET house NOUN ? PUNCT ” PUNCT came VERB the DET cutting NOUN retort NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 4 Flint punct 2 Barbecue barbecue NOUN Number=Sing 4 Flint compound 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Barbecue punct 4 Flint flint VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 came ccomp 5 — - PUNCT _ 7 house punct 6 what what DET PronType=Int 7 house det 7 house house NOUN Number=Sing 4 Flint obl 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 Flint punct 9 ” " PUNCT _ 4 Flint punct 10 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 retort det 12 cutting cutting NOUN Number=Sing 13 retort compound 13 retort retort NOUN Number=Sing 10 came obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 10 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 flint in a quote infinitive what house tree rules 2 come past the cutting retort tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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