dam Who acts: dam, Beavers, Water, We, dam burst, bonnie lassie · What happens: be, build, hold back, make, call, dam · To what, where: strong wall, river, water, lake, reservoir, wall · Speech: someone speaks here
«dam» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: dam in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A dam is a strong wall built across a river to hold back the water, making a lake behind it called a reservoir.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj cop det amod acl case det obl mark advcl advmod det obj punct advcl det obj mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root A DET dam NOUN is AUX a DET strong ADJ wall NOUN built VERB across ADP a DET river NOUN to PART hold VERB back ADV the DET water NOUN , PUNCT making VERB a DET lake NOUN behind ADP it PRON called VERB a DET reservoir NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 dam det 2 dam dam NOUN Number=Sing 6 wall nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 wall cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 wall det 5 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 6 wall amod 6 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 built build VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 wall acl 8 across across ADP _ 10 river case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 river det 10 river river NOUN Number=Sing 7 built obl 11 to to PART _ 12 hold mark 12 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 built advcl 13 back back ADV _ 12 hold advmod 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 water det 15 water water NOUN Number=Sing 12 hold obj 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 making punct 17 making make VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 hold advcl 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 lake det 19 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 17 making obj 20 behind behind ADP _ 22 called mark 21 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 called nsubj 22 called call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 17 making advcl 23 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 reservoir det 24 reservoir reservoir NOUN Number=Sing 22 called obj 25 . . PUNCT _ 6 wall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a dam a strong wall tree rules 2 build participle a strong wall not said here a river vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute 3 hold back to-infinitive the water vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme 4 make gerund a lake vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset lake=Product 5 call past dam a reservoir vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent reservoir=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A dam is also a wall of sticks and mud built by beavers across a stream.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop advmod det case nmod cc conj acl case obl case det nmod punct root A DET dam NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET wall NOUN of ADP sticks NOUN and CCONJ mud NOUN built VERB by ADP beavers NOUN across ADP a DET stream NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 dam det 2 dam dam NOUN Number=Sing 6 wall nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 wall cop 4 also also ADV _ 6 wall advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 wall det 6 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 sticks case 8 sticks stick NOUN Number=Plur 6 wall nmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 mud cc 10 mud mud NOUN Number=Sing 8 sticks conj 11 built build VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 sticks acl 12 by by ADP _ 13 beavers case 13 beavers beaver NOUN Number=Plur 11 built obl 14 across across ADP _ 16 stream case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 stream det 16 stream stream NOUN Number=Sing 13 beavers nmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 wall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a dam a wall of sticks and mud tree rules 2 build participle sticks and mud not said here by beavers across a stream vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Meaning 3 To dam a river is to build a dam across it.
mark advcl det obj cop mark det obj case obl punct root To PART dam VERB a DET river NOUN is AUX to PART build VERB a DET dam NOUN across ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 dam mark 2 dam dam VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 build advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 river det 4 river river NOUN Number=Sing 2 dam obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 build cop 6 to to PART _ 7 build mark 7 build build VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 dam det 9 dam dam NOUN Number=Sing 7 build obj 10 across across ADP _ 11 it case 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 build obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 build punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dam to-infinitive a river vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme river=Destination 2 is present dam build property tree rules
Meaning 4 A dam is also the mother of an animal such as a horse or dog.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop advmod det case det nmod case fixed det nmod cc conj punct root A DET dam NOUN is AUX also ADV the DET mother NOUN of ADP an DET animal NOUN such ADJ as ADP a DET horse NOUN or CCONJ dog NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 dam det 2 dam dam NOUN Number=Sing 6 mother nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 mother cop 4 also also ADV _ 6 mother advmod 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 mother det 6 mother mother NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 animal case 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 animal det 9 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 6 mother nmod 10 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 13 horse case 11 as as ADP _ 10 such fixed 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 horse det 13 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 9 animal nmod 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 dog cc 15 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 13 horse conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 mother punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a dam the mother of a animal such a horse or dog tree rules
Example 1 The dam holds back millions of litres of water.
det nsubj compound:prt obj case nmod case nmod punct root The DET dam NOUN holds VERB back ADP millions NOUN of ADP litres NOUN of ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dam det 2 dam dam NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds nsubj 3 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 back back ADP _ 3 holds compound:prt 5 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 3 holds obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 litres case 7 litres litre NOUN Number=Plur 5 millions nmod 8 of of ADP _ 9 water case 9 water water NOUN Number=Sing 7 litres nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold back present the dam millions of litres of water vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent million=Theme
Example 2 Beavers build dams from sticks and mud.
nsubj obj case obl cc conj punct root Beavers NOUN build VERB dams NOUN from ADP sticks NOUN and CCONJ mud NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Beavers beaver NOUN Number=Plur 2 build nsubj 2 build build VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 dams dam NOUN Number=Plur 2 build obj 4 from from ADP _ 5 sticks case 5 sticks stick NOUN Number=Plur 2 build obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 mud cc 7 mud mud NOUN Number=Sing 5 sticks conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 build punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 build present Beavers dams sticks and mud vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent dam=Product from stick=Material
Example 3 Water rushing through the dam turns turbines to make electricity.
nsubj acl case det obl obj mark advcl obj punct root Water NOUN rushing VERB through ADP the DET dam NOUN turns VERB turbines NOUN to PART make VERB electricity NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Water water NOUN Number=Sing 6 turns nsubj 2 rushing rush VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Water acl 3 through through ADP _ 5 dam case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 dam det 5 dam dam NOUN Number=Sing 2 rushing obl 6 turns turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 turbines turbine NOUN Number=Plur 6 turns obj 8 to to PART _ 9 make mark 9 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 turns advcl 10 electricity electricity NOUN Number=Sing 9 make obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 turns punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rush gerund Water not said here the dam vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through dam=Trajectory 2 turn present Water turbines vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent turbine=Theme 3 make to-infinitive Water not said here electricity vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset electricity=Product
Example 4 After heavy rain, the dam was nearly full.
case amod obl punct det nsubj cop advmod punct root After ADP heavy ADJ rain NOUN , PUNCT the DET dam NOUN was AUX nearly ADV full ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 3 rain case 2 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 rain amod 3 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 9 full obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 rain punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 dam det 6 dam dam NOUN Number=Sing 9 full nsubj 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 full cop 8 nearly nearly ADV _ 9 full advmod 9 full full ADJ Degree=Pos root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 full punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the dam after heavy rain full, nearly property tree rules
Example 5 We dammed the little stream with stones.
nsubj det amod obj case nmod punct root We PRON dammed VERB the DET little ADJ stream NOUN with ADP stones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 dammed nsubj 2 dammed dam VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 stream det 4 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 5 stream amod 5 stream stream NOUN Number=Sing 2 dammed obj 6 with with ADP _ 7 stones case 7 stones stone NOUN Number=Plur 5 stream nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 dammed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dam past We the little stream with stones vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent stream=Destination with stone=Theme
Example 6 In the story, the dam burst and the village flooded.
case det obl punct det compound nsubj cc det conj punct root In ADP the DET story NOUN , PUNCT the DET dam NOUN burst NOUN and CCONJ the DET village NOUN flooded VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 story case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 story det 3 story story NOUN Number=Sing 11 flooded obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 story punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 burst det 6 dam dam NOUN Number=Sing 7 burst compound 7 burst burst NOUN Number=Sing 11 flooded nsubj 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 village cc 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 village det 10 village village NOUN Number=Sing 7 burst conj 11 flooded flood VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 12 . . PUNCT _ 11 flooded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 flood past the dam burst and the village the story vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 7 The lake behind the dam is called a reservoir.
det nsubj:pass case det nmod aux:pass det xcomp punct root The DET lake NOUN behind ADP the DET dam NOUN is AUX called VERB a DET reservoir NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lake det 2 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 7 called nsubj:pass 3 behind behind ADP _ 5 dam case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 dam det 5 dam dam NOUN Number=Sing 2 lake nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 called aux:pass 7 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 reservoir det 9 reservoir reservoir NOUN Number=Sing 7 called xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive the lake behind the dam vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 8 "Oh, yes, my bonnie lassie," said the mill-dam.
The tree, 9 words punct discourse punct discourse punct nmod:poss amod nsubj punct punct det compound punct obj punct root " PUNCT Oh INTJ , PUNCT yes INTJ , PUNCT my PRON bonnie ADJ lassie NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB the DET mill NOUN - PUNCT dam NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 8 lassie punct 2 Oh oh INTJ _ 8 lassie discourse 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Oh punct 4 yes yes INTJ Polarity=Pos 8 lassie discourse 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 lassie punct 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 lassie nmod:poss 7 bonnie bonnie ADJ Degree=Pos 8 lassie amod 8 lassie lassie NOUN Number=Sing 11 said nsubj 9 , , PUNCT _ 8 lassie punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 8 lassie punct 11 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 dam det 13 mill mill NOUN Number=Sing 15 dam compound 14 - - PUNCT _ 13 mill punct 15 dam dam NOUN Number=Sing 11 said obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 11 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past my bonnie lassie the mill dam vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent dam=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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