darkening Who acts: ing form, darkening face, sky, we, Darkening clouds, rain · What happens: darken, be, become, make, describe, get · To what, where: ing form, something, us, apple, sky · Speech: someone speaks here
«darkening» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: darkening in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Darkening is the -ing form of «darken»: becoming darker, or making something darker.
The tree, 13 words nsubj cop det punct compound mark punct acl punct punct advcl xcomp punct cc conj obj amod punct root Darkening VERB is AUX the DET - PUNCT ing NOUN form NOUN of SCONJ « PUNCT darken VERB » PUNCT : PUNCT becoming VERB darker ADJ , PUNCT or CCONJ making VERB something PRON darker ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Darkening darken VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 form nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 form cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 form det 4 - - PUNCT _ 3 the punct 5 ing ing NOUN Number=Sing 6 form compound 6 form form NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of SCONJ _ 9 darken mark 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 darken punct 9 darken darken VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 form acl 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 darken punct 11 : : PUNCT _ 12 becoming punct 12 becoming become VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 form advcl 13 darker dark ADJ Degree=Cmp 12 becoming xcomp 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 making punct 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 making cc 16 making make VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 becoming conj 17 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 16 making obj 18 darker dark ADJ Degree=Cmp 17 something amod 19 . . PUNCT _ 6 form punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 darken gerund vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 is a present the ing form tree rules 3 darken in a quote infinitive the ing form not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 4 become gerund dark property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 5 make gerund something vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 As an adjective, darkening describes something getting darker, like a darkening sky.
The tree, 12 words case det obl punct nsubj obj acl xcomp punct case det amod obl punct root As ADP an DET adjective NOUN , PUNCT darkening VERB describes VERB something PRON getting VERB darker ADJ , PUNCT like ADP a DET darkening VERB sky NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 adjective case 2 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 adjective det 3 adjective adjective NOUN Number=Sing 6 describes obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 adjective punct 5 darkening darken VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 describes nsubj 6 describes describe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 describes obj 8 getting get VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 something acl 9 darker dark ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 getting xcomp 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 sky punct 11 like like ADP _ 14 sky case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 sky det 13 darkening darken VERB VerbForm=Ger 14 sky amod 14 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 8 getting obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 describes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 darken gerund vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 describe present something as a adjective vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent something=Theme as adjective=Attribute 3 get gerund like a darkening sky; dark property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 4 darken gerund vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Meaning 3 A darkening face or mood is becoming angry or sad.
det amod nsubj cc conj aux xcomp cc conj punct root A DET darkening VERB face NOUN or CCONJ mood NOUN is AUX becoming VERB angry ADJ or CCONJ sad ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 face det 2 darkening darken VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 face amod 3 face face NOUN Number=Sing 7 becoming nsubj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 mood cc 5 mood mood NOUN Number=Sing 3 face conj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 becoming aux 7 becoming become VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 8 angry angry ADJ Degree=Pos 7 becoming xcomp 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 sad cc 10 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 8 angry conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 becoming punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 darken gerund vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 become present · progressive a darkening face or mood angry property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
Example 1 The sky was darkening as we walked home.
det nsubj aux mark nsubj advcl advmod punct root The DET sky NOUN was AUX darkening VERB as SCONJ we PRON walked VERB home ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sky det 2 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 4 darkening nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 darkening aux 4 darkening darken VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 as as SCONJ _ 7 walked mark 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 walked nsubj 7 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 darkening advcl 8 home home ADV _ 7 walked advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 darkening punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 darken past · progressive the sky vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 walk past we home property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 Darkening clouds told us rain was coming.
amod nsubj iobj nsubj aux ccomp punct root Darkening VERB clouds NOUN told VERB us PRON rain NOUN was AUX coming VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Darkening darken VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 clouds amod 2 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 3 told nsubj 3 told tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 told iobj 5 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 7 coming nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 coming aux 7 coming come VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 told ccomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 told punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 darken gerund vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 tell speech: assert past Darkening clouds us vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic 3 come past · progressive rain vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 The apple is darkening where I bit it.
det nsubj aux advmod nsubj advcl obj punct root The DET apple NOUN is AUX darkening VERB where ADV I PRON bit VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 apple det 2 apple apple NOUN Number=Sing 4 darkening nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 darkening aux 4 darkening darken VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 where where ADV PronType=Rel 7 bit advmod 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 bit nsubj 7 bit bite VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 darkening advcl 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 bit obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 darkening punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 darken present · progressive the apple vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 bite past I apple vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Example 4 His face was darkening with anger.
nmod:poss nsubj aux case obl punct root His PRON face NOUN was AUX darkening VERB with ADP anger NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 face nmod:poss 2 face face NOUN Number=Sing 4 darkening nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 darkening aux 4 darkening darken VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 with with ADP _ 6 anger case 6 anger anger NOUN Number=Sing 4 darkening obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 darkening punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 darken past · progressive His face with anger vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with anger=Instrument
Example 5 The water was darkening as the sun went down.
det nsubj aux mark det nsubj advcl advmod punct root The DET water NOUN was AUX darkening VERB as SCONJ the DET sun NOUN went VERB down ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 water det 2 water water NOUN Number=Sing 4 darkening nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 darkening aux 4 darkening darken VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 as as SCONJ _ 8 went mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sun det 7 sun sun NOUN Number=Sing 8 went nsubj 8 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 darkening advcl 9 down down ADV _ 8 went advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 darkening punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 darken past · progressive the water vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 go down past the sun down property vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Example 6 Leaves are darkening as summer ends.
nsubj aux case compound obl punct root Leaves NOUN are AUX darkening VERB as ADP summer NOUN ends NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 3 darkening nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 darkening aux 3 darkening darken VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 as as ADP _ 6 ends case 5 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 6 ends compound 6 ends end NOUN Number=Plur 3 darkening obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 darkening punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 darken present · progressive Leaves as summer ends vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 7 Soon afterwards he saw something big coming towards him, darkening the sky.
advmod advmod nsubj obj amod acl case obl punct conj det obj punct root Soon ADV afterwards ADV he PRON saw VERB something PRON big ADJ coming VERB towards ADP him PRON , PUNCT darkening VERB the DET sky NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Soon soon ADV Degree=Pos 4 saw advmod 2 afterwards afterwards ADV _ 4 saw advmod 3 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 saw nsubj 4 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 saw obj 6 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 5 something amod 7 coming come VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 something acl 8 towards towards ADP _ 9 him case 9 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 coming obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 darkening punct 11 darkening darken VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 saw conj 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 sky det 13 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 11 darkening obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past he something afterwards, soon property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus 2 come gerund towards him = he vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme towards he=Initial_Location 3 darken gerund he not said here the sky vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sky=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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