data Who acts: Data, We, you, scientist, plants · What happens: be, collect, study, use, store, put · To what, where: Data facts, information, numbers, data, favourite fruits, bar chart · Speech: someone speaks here
«data» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: data in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Data is facts, numbers or information collected so they can be studied and used.
The tree, 14 words compound cop punct conj cc conj acl mark nsubj:pass aux aux:pass advcl cc conj punct root Data NOUN is AUX facts NOUN , PUNCT numbers NOUN or CCONJ information NOUN collected VERB so SCONJ they PRON can AUX be AUX studied VERB and CCONJ used VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Data data NOUN Number=Sing 3 facts compound 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 facts cop 3 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 numbers punct 5 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 3 facts conj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 information cc 7 information information NOUN Number=Sing 5 numbers conj 8 collected collect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 information acl 9 so so SCONJ _ 13 studied mark 10 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 studied nsubj:pass 11 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 studied aux 12 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 13 studied aux:pass 13 studied study VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 collected advcl 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 used cc 15 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 studied conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 facts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Data facts and numbers or information tree rules 2 collect participle information not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 study can · passive numbers = number vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic 4 use participle vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Data is also information stored and used by a computer.
nsubj cop advmod acl cc conj case det obl punct root Data NOUN is AUX also ADV information NOUN stored VERB and CCONJ used VERB by ADP a DET computer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Data data NOUN Number=Sing 4 information nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 information cop 3 also also ADV _ 4 information advmod 4 information information NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 stored store VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 information acl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 used cc 7 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 stored conj 8 by by ADP _ 10 computer case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 computer det 10 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 5 stored obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 information punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Data information tree rules 2 store participle information not said here by a computer vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent by computer=Location 3 use participle vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 We collected data on our classmates' favourite fruits.
nsubj obj case nmod:poss nmod:poss case amod obl punct root We PRON collected VERB data NOUN on ADP our PRON classmates NOUN ' PART favourite ADJ fruits NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 collected nsubj 2 collected collect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 data data NOUN Number=Sing 2 collected obj 4 on on ADP _ 9 fruits case 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 classmates nmod:poss 6 classmates classmate NOUN Number=Plur 9 fruits nmod:poss 7 ' 's PART _ 6 classmates case 8 favourite favourite ADJ Degree=Pos 9 fruits amod 9 fruits fruit NOUN Number=Plur 2 collected obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 collected punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 collect past We data our classmates's favourite fruits vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent data=Theme
Example 2 Put the data in a bar chart.
det obj case det compound obl punct root Put VERB the DET data NOUN in ADP a DET bar NOUN chart NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 data det 3 data data NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obj 4 in in ADP _ 7 chart case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 chart det 6 bar bar NOUN Number=Sing 7 chart compound 7 chart chart NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here the data a bar chart vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent data=Theme in chart=Destination
Example 3 The scientist looked carefully at the data.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET scientist NOUN looked VERB carefully ADV at ADP the DET data NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 scientist det 2 scientist scientist NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked nsubj 3 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 carefully carefully ADV _ 3 looked advmod 5 at at ADP _ 7 data case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 data det 7 data data NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past the scientist at the data; carefully property vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at data=Theme
Example 4 Our data shows that plants grew taller in the sun.
nmod:poss nsubj mark nsubj ccomp xcomp case det obl root Our PRON data NOUN shows VERB that SCONJ plants NOUN grew VERB taller ADJ in ADP the DET sun. NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 data nmod:poss 2 data data NOUN Number=Sing 3 shows nsubj 3 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 6 grew mark 5 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 6 grew nsubj 6 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 shows ccomp 7 taller tall ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 grew xcomp 8 in in ADP _ 10 sun. case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 sun. det 10 sun. sun. NOUN Number=Sing 6 grew obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present Our data vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 grow past plants the sun. tall property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sun.=Location
Example 5 Don't share your personal data with strangers online.
aux advmod nmod:poss amod obj case obl advmod punct root Do AUX n't PART share VERB your PRON personal ADJ data NOUN with ADP strangers NOUN online ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 share aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 share advmod 3 share share VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 data nmod:poss 5 personal personal ADJ Degree=Pos 6 data amod 6 data data NOUN Number=Sing 3 share obj 7 with with ADP _ 8 strangers case 8 strangers stranger NOUN Number=Plur 3 share obl 9 online online ADV _ 3 share advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 share punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not share imperative · do-support you not said here your personal data with strangers; online property tree rules
Example 6 My phone has run out of mobile data.
nmod:poss nsubj:pass aux case case amod obl punct root My PRON phone NOUN has AUX run VERB out ADP of ADP mobile ADJ data NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 phone nmod:poss 2 phone phone NOUN Number=Sing 4 run nsubj:pass 3 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 run aux 4 run run VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 out out ADP _ 8 data case 6 of of ADP _ 8 data case 7 mobile mobile ADJ Degree=Pos 8 data amod 8 data data NOUN Number=Sing 4 run obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 run punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run present · perfect · passive My phone mobile data vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme out data=Trajectory
Example 7 The data was saved on the computer.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root The DET data NOUN was AUX saved VERB on ADP the DET computer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 data det 2 data data NOUN Number=Sing 4 saved nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 saved aux:pass 4 saved save VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 on on ADP _ 7 computer case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 computer det 7 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 4 saved obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 saved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 save past · passive the data the computer vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme on computer=Source
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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