dear Who acts: Dear, you, I, red bag, Apples, toy · What happens: mean, love, like, be, start, cost · To what, where: Dear polite word, start, letter, shops, lot, kind word · Speech: someone speaks here
«dear» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: dear in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Dear means loved or very much liked: «my dear friend».
nsubj ccomp cc advmod advmod conj punct punct nmod:poss amod parataxis punct punct root Dear ADJ means VERB loved VERB or CCONJ very ADV much ADV liked VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT my PRON dear ADJ friend NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 loved love VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means ccomp 4 or or CCONJ _ 7 liked cc 5 very very ADV _ 6 much advmod 6 much much ADV _ 7 liked advmod 7 liked like VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 loved conj 8 : : PUNCT _ 12 friend punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 12 friend punct 10 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 friend nmod:poss 11 dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 12 friend amod 12 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 friend punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Dear vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 love participle vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer 3 like past vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Dear is the polite word at the start of a letter: «Dear Grandma».
The tree, 13 words amod cop det amod case det nmod case det nmod punct punct amod appos punct punct root Dear ADJ is AUX the DET polite ADJ word NOUN at ADP the DET start NOUN of ADP a DET letter NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT Dear ADJ Grandma NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 5 word amod 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 word cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 word det 4 polite polite ADJ Degree=Pos 5 word amod 5 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 at at ADP _ 8 start case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 start det 8 start start NOUN Number=Sing 5 word nmod 9 of of ADP _ 11 letter case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 letter det 11 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 8 start nmod 12 : : PUNCT _ 15 Grandma punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 15 Grandma punct 14 Dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 15 Grandma amod 15 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 5 word appos 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 Grandma punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the Dear polite word the start of a letter tree rules 2 start a letter nom start «event transitive»: of=patient
Meaning 3 In shops (mostly UK), dear means costing a lot.
case obl punct advmod appos punct punct nsubj xcomp det obj punct root In ADP shops NOUN ( PUNCT mostly ADV UK PROPN ) PUNCT , PUNCT dear ADJ means VERB costing VERB a DET lot NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 shops case 2 shops shop NOUN Number=Plur 9 means obl 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 UK punct 4 mostly mostly ADV _ 5 UK advmod 5 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 2 shops appos 6 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 UK punct 7 , , PUNCT _ 2 shops punct 8 dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 9 means nsubj 9 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 costing cost VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 means xcomp 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 lot det 12 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 10 costing obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present dear shops vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 cost not said to happen gerund dear not said here a lot vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme lot=Value
Meaning 4 «Dear» is a kind word for a person you love: «Thank you, dear».
The tree, 13 words punct nsubj punct cop det amod case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl punct punct parataxis obj punct parataxis punct punct root « PUNCT Dear ADJ » PUNCT is AUX a DET kind ADJ word NOUN for ADP a DET person NOUN you PRON love VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT Thank VERB you PRON , PUNCT dear ADJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Dear punct 2 Dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 7 word nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Dear punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 word cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 word det 6 kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos 7 word amod 7 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 for for ADP _ 10 person case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 person det 10 person person NOUN Number=Sing 7 word nmod 11 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 love nsubj 12 love love VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 person acl:relcl 13 : : PUNCT _ 15 Thank punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 15 Thank punct 15 Thank thank VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 word parataxis 16 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 Thank obj 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 dear punct 18 dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 15 Thank parataxis 19 » » PUNCT _ 15 Thank punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 7 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Dear a kind word for a person tree rules 2 love present you a person not said here vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer person=Stimulus 3 thank speech: thank in a quote present you vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme
Meaning 5 «Oh dear!» shows you are sorry or worried.
punct discourse nsubj punct punct nsubj cop ccomp cc conj punct root « PUNCT Oh INTJ dear ADJ ! PUNCT » PUNCT shows VERB you PRON are AUX sorry ADJ or CCONJ worried ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 dear punct 2 Oh oh INTJ _ 3 dear discourse 3 dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 6 shows nsubj 4 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 dear punct 5 » » PUNCT _ 3 dear punct 6 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 sorry nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 sorry cop 9 sorry sorry ADJ Degree=Pos 6 shows ccomp 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 worried cc 11 worried worried ADJ Degree=Pos 9 sorry conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present dear vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present you sorry property tree rules 3 be you not said here tree rules
Example 1 Dear Grandma, I have 5 new books.
amod vocative punct nsubj nummod amod obj punct root Dear ADJ Grandma NOUN , PUNCT I PRON have VERB 5 NUM new ADJ books NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 2 Grandma amod 2 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 5 have vocative 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Grandma punct 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 have nsubj 5 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 books nummod 7 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 8 books amod 8 books book NOUN Number=Plur 5 have obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present I 5 new books Dear Grandma vocative vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Patient
Example 2 The red bag is dearer than the blue one.
det amod nsubj cop case det amod obl punct root The DET red ADJ bag NOUN is AUX dearer ADJ than ADP the DET blue ADJ one NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 bag det 2 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bag amod 3 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing 5 dearer nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 dearer cop 5 dearer dear ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 6 than than ADP _ 9 one case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 one det 8 blue blue ADJ Degree=Pos 9 one amod 9 one one NOUN Number=Sing 5 dearer obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 dearer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the red bag than the blue one; dear property tree rules
Example 3 Apples are $2 dearer this week.
nsubj cop obl:unmarked nummod det obl:unmarked punct root Apples NOUN are AUX $ SYM 2 NUM dearer ADJ this DET week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 5 dearer nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 dearer cop 3 $ $ SYM _ 5 dearer obl:unmarked 4 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 $ nummod 5 dearer dear ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 6 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 week det 7 week week NOUN Number=Sing 5 dearer obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 dearer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Apples week dear property tree rules
Example 4 Which toy is the dearest?
det nsubj cop det punct root Which DET toy NOUN is AUX the DET dearest ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Which which DET PronType=Int 2 toy det 2 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 5 dearest nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 dearest cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 dearest det 5 dearest dear ADJ Degree=Sup root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 dearest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present which toy dear property tree rules
Example 5 Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to ask about the club.
amod nsubj cc conj punct nsubj aux mark xcomp case det obl punct root Dear ADJ Sir PROPN or CCONJ Madam PROPN , PUNCT I PRON am AUX writing VERB to PART ask VERB about ADP the DET club NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 2 Sir amod 2 Sir Sir PROPN Number=Sing 8 writing nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 Madam cc 4 Madam Madam PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sir conj 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 writing punct 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 writing nsubj 7 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 writing aux 8 writing write VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 9 to to PART _ 10 ask mark 10 ask ask VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 writing xcomp 11 about about ADP _ 13 club case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 club det 13 club club NOUN Number=Sing 10 ask obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 writing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write present · progressive Dear Sir or Madam vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 ask speech: ask to-infinitive Dear Sir or Madam not said here about the club vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V PP.topic whether S»: agent=Agent about club=Topic
Example 6 She is a dear friend of my mother's.
nsubj cop det amod case nmod:poss nmod case punct root She PRON is AUX a DET dear ADJ friend NOUN of ADP my PRON mother NOUN 's PART . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 friend nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 friend cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 friend det 4 dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 5 friend amod 5 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 mother case 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 mother nmod:poss 8 mother mother NOUN Number=Sing 5 friend nmod 9 's 's PART _ 8 mother case 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 friend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present She a dear friend of my mother tree rules
Example 7 Oh dear, I've spilt my juice!
discourse xcomp punct nsubj aux nmod:poss obj punct root Oh INTJ dear ADJ , PUNCT I PRON 've AUX spilt VERB my PRON juice NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Oh oh INTJ _ 6 spilt discourse 2 dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Oh xcomp 3 , , PUNCT _ 1 Oh punct 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 spilt nsubj 5 've have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 spilt aux 6 spilt spilt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 juice nmod:poss 8 juice juice NOUN Number=Sing 6 spilt obj 9 ! ! PUNCT _ 6 spilt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spilt present · perfect I my juice tree rules
Example 8 Thank you, dear, that is very kind.
obj punct parataxis punct nsubj cop advmod conj punct root Thank VERB you PRON , PUNCT dear ADJ , PUNCT that PRON is AUX very ADV kind ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thank thank VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 2 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 1 Thank obj 3 , , PUNCT _ 4 dear punct 4 dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Thank parataxis 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 kind punct 6 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 9 kind nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 kind cop 8 very very ADV _ 9 kind advmod 9 kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos 4 dear conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Thank punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 thank speech: thank present you vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme 2 is present that kind property tree rules
Example 9 "That is for Hereafterthis, my dear."
punct nsubj cop case punct nmod:poss parataxis punct punct root " PUNCT That PRON is AUX for ADP Hereafterthis PROPN , PUNCT my PRON dear ADJ . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 Hereafterthis punct 2 That that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 Hereafterthis nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 Hereafterthis cop 4 for for ADP _ 5 Hereafterthis case 5 Hereafterthis Hereafterthis PROPN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 dear punct 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 dear nmod:poss 8 dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 5 Hereafterthis parataxis 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 Hereafterthis punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 5 Hereafterthis punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present That for Hereafterthis tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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