defecate

Who acts: nurse, formal Dogs, Animals, we, birds, formal Patients · What happens: pass, ask, be, defecate, not allow, get · To what, where: solid waste, body, formal Dogs, playing field, biology, same opening · Speech: someone speaks here

«defecate» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: defecate in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: formal, medical — kept apart, not parsed.

To pass solid waste (poo) out of the body through the bottom.

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 pass	mark
2	pass	pass	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 waste	amod
4	waste	waste	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pass	obj
5	(	(	PUNCT	_	6 poo	punct
6	poo	poo	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 waste	appos
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	6 poo	punct
8	out	out	ADP	_	11 body	case
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 body	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 body	det
11	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pass	obl
12	through	through	ADP	_	14 bottom	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 bottom	det
14	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pass	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 pass	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pass	to-infinitive		solid waste		the body		through the bottom	vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent waste=Theme out body=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

The nurse asked if he had been able to defecate.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 nurse	det
2	nurse	nurse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 asked	nsubj
3	asked	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	8 able	mark
5	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 able	nsubj
6	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 able	aux
7	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 able	cop
8	able	able	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 asked	ccomp
9	to	to	PART	_	10 defecate	mark
10	defecate	defecate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 able	xcomp
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 asked	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	past	the nurse		vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a condition, not said to happen	past · perfect	nurse	able property	tree rules
3	defecate	to-infinitive	nurse not said here		vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 2

(formal) Dogs must not be allowed to defecate on the playing field.

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 formal	punct
2	formal	formal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 Dogs	amod
3	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 formal	punct
4	Dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 allowed	nsubj:pass
5	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 allowed	aux
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 allowed	advmod
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 allowed	aux:pass
8	allowed	allow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	to	to	PART	_	10 defecate	mark
10	defecate	defecate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 allowed	xcomp
11	on	on	ADP	_	14 field	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 field	det
13	playing	playing	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 field	compound
14	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 defecate	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 allowed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not allow	must · passive		formal Dogs					vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality
2	defecate not said to happen	to-infinitive	formal Dogs not said here			the playing field			vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Agent on field=Destination

Example 3

Animals defecate to get rid of the waste from their food.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 defecate	nsubj
2	defecate	defecate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 get	mark
4	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 defecate	xcomp
5	rid	rid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 get	xcomp
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 waste	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 waste	det
8	waste	waste	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 rid	obl
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 food	case
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 food	nmod:poss
11	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 waste	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 defecate	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	defecate	present	Animals						tree rules
2	get	to-infinitive	Animals not said here					rid property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Example 4

In biology we learned that birds defecate and urinate through the same opening.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 biology	case
2	biology	biology	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 learned	obl
3	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 learned	nsubj
4	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 defecate	mark
6	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 defecate	nsubj
7	defecate	defecate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 learned	ccomp
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 urinate	cc
9	urinate	urinate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 defecate	conj
10	through	through	ADP	_	13 opening	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 opening	det
12	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 opening	amod
13	opening	opening	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 urinate	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 learned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	roles by
1	learn	past	we	biology	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	defecate	present	birds		vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	urinate	present	birds not said here	the same opening	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 5

(formal) Patients should report any pain when they defecate.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	6 report	punct
2	formal	formal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 Patients	amod
3	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 formal	punct
4	Patients	patient	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 report	nsubj
5	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 report	aux
6	report	report	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 pain	det
8	pain	pain	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 report	obj
9	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	11 defecate	advmod
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 defecate	nsubj
11	defecate	defecate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 report	advcl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 report	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	report	should	formal Patients	any pain					vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Patient
2	defecate	present	Patients = patient						vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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