defensive Who acts: Defensive, defensive person, Fighting, castle, spines, He · What happens: mean, use, make, protect, react, criticise · To what, where: themselves, sport, other team, defensive, yourself, thick defensive walls · Speech: someone speaks here
«defensive» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: defensive in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Defensive means used or made to protect against attack (a defensive wall).
The tree, 12 words nsubj ccomp cc conj mark advcl case obl punct det amod appos punct punct root Defensive ADJ means VERB used VERB or CCONJ made VERB to PART protect VERB against ADP attack NOUN ( PUNCT a DET defensive ADJ wall NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Defensive defensive ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means ccomp 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 made cc 5 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 used conj 6 to to PART _ 7 protect mark 7 protect protect VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 made advcl 8 against against ADP _ 9 attack case 9 attack attack NOUN Number=Sing 7 protect obl 10 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 wall punct 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 wall det 12 defensive defensive ADJ Degree=Pos 13 wall amod 13 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 9 attack appos 14 ) ) PUNCT _ 13 wall punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Defensive vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 use participle vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 make participle vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 4 protect to-infinitive against attack vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent against attack=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A defensive person reacts as if being criticised or attacked, and tries to protect themselves.
The tree, 15 words det amod nsubj mark mark aux:pass ccomp cc conj punct cc conj mark xcomp obj punct root A DET defensive ADJ person NOUN reacts VERB as SCONJ if SCONJ being AUX criticised VERB or CCONJ attacked VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ tries VERB to PART protect VERB themselves PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 person det 2 defensive defensive ADJ Degree=Pos 3 person amod 3 person person NOUN Number=Sing 4 reacts nsubj 4 reacts react VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 as as SCONJ _ 8 criticised mark 6 if if SCONJ _ 8 criticised mark 7 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 criticised aux:pass 8 criticised criticise VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 reacts ccomp 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 attacked cc 10 attacked attack VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 criticised conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 tries punct 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 tries cc 13 tries try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 reacts conj 14 to to PART _ 15 protect mark 15 protect protect VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 tries xcomp 16 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 15 protect obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 reacts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 react present a defensive person tree rules 2 criticise a condition, not said to happen gerund · passive a defensive person not said here tree rules 3 attack participle a defensive person not said here vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 try present a defensive person not said here vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 5 protect not said to happen to-infinitive a defensive person not said here themselves = they vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary
Meaning 3 In sport, defensive means about stopping the other team from scoring.
case obl punct nsubj mark ccomp det amod obj mark advcl punct root In ADP sport NOUN , PUNCT defensive ADJ means VERB about SCONJ stopping VERB the DET other ADJ team NOUN from SCONJ scoring VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 sport case 2 sport sport NOUN Number=Sing 5 means obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 sport punct 4 defensive defensive ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means nsubj 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 about about SCONJ _ 7 stopping mark 7 stopping stop VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 means ccomp 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 team det 9 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 10 team amod 10 team team NOUN Number=Sing 7 stopping obj 11 from from SCONJ _ 12 scoring mark 12 scoring score VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 stopping advcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present defensive sport vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 stop gerund the other team vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality team=Eventuality 3 score gerund vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 Fighting on the defensive means only protecting yourself and not attacking.
csubj case det obl advmod xcomp obj cc advmod conj punct root Fighting VERB on ADP the DET defensive ADJ means VERB only ADV protecting VERB yourself PRON and CCONJ not PART attacking VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fighting fight VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 means csubj 2 on on ADP _ 4 defensive case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 defensive det 4 defensive defensive ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Fighting obl 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 only only ADV _ 7 protecting advmod 7 protecting protect VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 means xcomp 8 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 7 protecting obj 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 attacking cc 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 attacking advmod 11 attacking attack VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 protecting conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fight gerund the defensive vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present Fighting vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 protect not said to happen gerund Fighting not said here yourself vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Beneficiary 4 not attack gerund Fighting not said here vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The castle had thick defensive walls.
det nsubj amod amod obj punct root The DET castle NOUN had VERB thick ADJ defensive ADJ walls NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 castle det 2 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 thick thick ADJ Degree=Pos 6 walls amod 5 defensive defensive ADJ Degree=Pos 6 walls amod 6 walls wall NOUN Number=Plur 3 had obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the castle thick defensive walls vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Patient
Example 2 The hedgehog's spines are a defensive feature.
det nmod:poss case nsubj cop det amod punct root The DET hedgehog NOUN 's PART spines NOUN are AUX a DET defensive ADJ feature NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hedgehog det 2 hedgehog hedgehog NOUN Number=Sing 4 spines nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 hedgehog case 4 spines spine NOUN Number=Plur 8 feature nsubj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 feature cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 feature det 7 defensive defensive ADJ Degree=Pos 8 feature amod 8 feature feature NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 feature punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the hedgehog's spines a defensive feature tree rules
Example 3 He gets defensive when you say his room is messy.
nsubj xcomp advmod nsubj advcl nmod:poss nsubj cop ccomp punct root He PRON gets VERB defensive ADJ when ADV you PRON say VERB his PRON room NOUN is AUX messy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gets nsubj 2 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 defensive defensive ADJ Degree=Pos 2 gets xcomp 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 say advmod 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 say nsubj 6 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 gets advcl 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 room nmod:poss 8 room room NOUN Number=Sing 10 messy nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 messy cop 10 messy messy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 say ccomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 gets punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get present He defensive property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 2 say speech: assert present you vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 is present his room messy property tree rules
Example 4 She is a strong defensive player.
nsubj cop det amod amod punct root She PRON is AUX a DET strong ADJ defensive ADJ player NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 player nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 player cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 player det 4 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 6 player amod 5 defensive defensive ADJ Degree=Pos 6 player amod 6 player player NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 player punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present She a strong defensive player tree rules
Example 5 The team was on the defensive for most of the game.
det nsubj cop case det case obl case det nmod punct root The DET team NOUN was AUX on ADP the DET defensive ADJ for ADP most ADJ of ADP the DET game NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 team det 2 team team NOUN Number=Sing 6 defensive nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 defensive cop 4 on on ADP _ 6 defensive case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 defensive det 6 defensive defensive ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 for for ADP _ 8 most case 8 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 6 defensive obl 9 of of ADP _ 11 game case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 game det 11 game game NOUN Number=Sing 8 most nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 defensive punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the team for most of the game; defensive property tree rules
Example 6 Don't be defensive; I'm only trying to help.
advmod cop obj punct nsubj aux advmod parataxis mark xcomp punct root Do VERB n't PART be AUX defensive ADJ ; PUNCT I PRON 'm AUX only ADV trying VERB to PART help VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 defensive advmod 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 defensive cop 4 defensive defensive ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Do obj 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 trying punct 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 trying nsubj 7 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 trying aux 8 only only ADV _ 9 trying advmod 9 trying try VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 defensive parataxis 10 to to PART _ 11 help mark 11 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 trying xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do imperative you not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 not is infinitive defensive property tree rules 3 try present · progressive I vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 4 help not said to happen to-infinitive I not said here vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
Example 7 A porcupine has a defensive way of raising its quills.
det nsubj det amod obj mark acl nmod:poss obj punct root A DET porcupine NOUN has VERB a DET defensive ADJ way NOUN of SCONJ raising VERB its PRON quills NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 porcupine det 2 porcupine porcupine NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 way det 5 defensive defensive ADJ Degree=Pos 6 way amod 6 way way NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 7 of of SCONJ _ 8 raising mark 8 raising raise VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 way acl 9 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 quills nmod:poss 10 quills quill NOUN Number=Plur 8 raising obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a porcupine a defensive way vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Patient 2 raise gerund a defensive way not said here porcupine's quills vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quill=Theme
Example 8 Man to man they were the stronger; but they fought on the defensive only, which enabled the boys to hunt in pairs and choose their quarry.
The tree, 26 words nsubj case nmod nsubj cop det punct cc nsubj parataxis case det obl advmod punct nsubj conj det obj mark advcl case obl cc conj nmod:poss obj punct root Man NOUN to ADP man NOUN they PRON were AUX the DET stronger ADJ ; PUNCT but CCONJ they PRON fought VERB on ADP the DET defensive ADJ only ADV , PUNCT which PRON enabled VERB the DET boys NOUN to PART hunt VERB in ADP pairs NOUN and CCONJ choose VERB their PRON quarry NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Man man NOUN Number=Sing 7 stronger nsubj 2 to to ADP _ 3 man case 3 man man NOUN Number=Sing 1 Man nmod 4 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 stronger nsubj 5 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 stronger cop 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 stronger det 7 stronger strong ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 fought punct 9 but but CCONJ _ 11 fought cc 10 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 fought nsubj 11 fought fight VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 stronger parataxis 12 on on ADP _ 14 defensive case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 defensive det 14 defensive defensive ADJ Degree=Pos 11 fought obl 15 only only ADV _ 18 enabled advmod 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 enabled punct 17 which which PRON PronType=Rel 18 enabled nsubj 18 enabled enable VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 fought conj 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 boys det 20 boys boy NOUN Number=Plur 18 enabled obj 21 to to PART _ 22 hunt mark 22 hunt hunt VERB VerbForm=Inf 18 enabled advcl 23 in in ADP _ 24 pairs case 24 pairs pair NOUN Number=Plur 22 hunt obl 25 and and CCONJ _ 26 choose cc 26 choose choose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 hunt conj 27 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 28 quarry nmod:poss 28 quarry quarry NOUN Number=Sing 26 choose obj 29 . . PUNCT _ 7 stronger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Man to man strong property tree rules 2 fight past they the defensive vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 enable past the boys tree rules 4 hunt to-infinitive pairs vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in pair=Location 5 choose present pairs's quarry vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quarry=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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