defer Who acts: you, opinion, someone, I, your, parents · What happens: put off, delay, defer, accept, respect, know · To what, where: something, meeting, opinion, more, formal trip, decision
«defer» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: defer in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To put off something until later; to delay: the meeting was deferred until next week.
The tree, 15 words mark advcl compound:prt obj case obl punct mark punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass conj case amod obl punct root To PART put VERB off ADP something PRON until ADP later ADV ; PUNCT to PART delay VERB : PUNCT the DET meeting NOUN was AUX deferred VERB until ADP next ADJ week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 put mark 2 put put VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 delay advcl 3 off off ADP _ 2 put compound:prt 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 put obj 5 until until ADP _ 6 later case 6 later late ADV Degree=Cmp 2 put obl 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 delay punct 8 to to PART _ 9 delay mark 9 delay delay VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 10 : : PUNCT _ 14 deferred punct 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 meeting det 12 meeting meeting NOUN Number=Sing 14 deferred nsubj:pass 13 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 14 deferred aux:pass 14 deferred defer VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 delay conj 15 until until ADP _ 17 week case 16 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 17 week amod 17 week week NOUN Number=Sing 14 deferred obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 9 delay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put off to-infinitive something vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent something=Goal 2 delay to-infinitive vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent 3 defer past · passive the meeting week vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V»: subject=Source
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
Defer to: to accept someone else's opinion or decision because you respect them or they know more.
The tree, 18 words obl punct mark conj nmod:poss advmod case obj cc conj mark nsubj advcl obj cc nsubj conj obj punct root Defer VERB to ADP : PUNCT to PART accept VERB someone PRON else ADV 's PART opinion NOUN or CCONJ decision NOUN because SCONJ you PRON respect VERB them PRON or CCONJ they PRON know VERB more ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Defer defer VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 to to ADP _ 1 Defer obl 3 : : PUNCT _ 5 accept punct 4 to to PART _ 5 accept mark 5 accept accept VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Defer conj 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 opinion nmod:poss 7 else else ADV _ 6 someone advmod 8 's 's PART _ 6 someone case 9 opinion opinion NOUN Number=Sing 5 accept obj 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 decision cc 11 decision decision NOUN Number=Sing 9 opinion conj 12 because because SCONJ _ 14 respect mark 13 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 14 respect nsubj 14 respect respect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 accept advcl 15 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 respect obj 16 or or CCONJ _ 18 know cc 17 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 know nsubj 18 know know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 respect conj 19 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 18 know obj 20 . . PUNCT _ 1 Defer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defer imperative you not said here vn acquiesce-95.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 accept to-infinitive you not said here someone's opinion or decision vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opinion=Theme 3 respect present you opinion vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus 4 know present opinion more vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer more=Stimulus 5 opine someone nom opinion «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
I defer to your experience.
nsubj case nmod:poss obl punct root I PRON defer VERB to ADP your PRON experience NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 defer nsubj 2 defer defer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 experience case 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 experience nmod:poss 5 experience experience NOUN Number=Sing 2 defer obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 defer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defer present I to your experience vn acquiesce-95.1 «NP V PP.pivot»: agent=Agent to experience=Pivot 2 experience your nom experience «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 (formal) The trip has been deferred because of the snow.
punct amod punct det nsubj:pass aux aux:pass case fixed det obl punct root ( PUNCT formal ADJ ) PUNCT The DET trip NOUN has AUX been AUX deferred VERB because ADP of ADP the DET snow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 2 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 5 trip amod 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 4 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 trip det 5 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 8 deferred nsubj:pass 6 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 deferred aux 7 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 8 deferred aux:pass 8 deferred defer VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 12 snow case 10 of of ADP _ 9 because fixed 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 snow det 12 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 8 deferred obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 deferred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defer present · perfect · passive the formal trip because the snow vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V»: subject=Source
Example 2 The decision was deferred until all the parents had replied.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass mark det:predet det nsubj aux advcl punct root The DET decision NOUN was AUX deferred VERB until SCONJ all DET the DET parents NOUN had AUX replied VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 decision det 2 decision decision NOUN Number=Sing 4 deferred nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 deferred aux:pass 4 deferred defer VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 until until SCONJ _ 10 replied mark 6 all all DET PronType=Tot 8 parents det:predet 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 parents det 8 parents parent NOUN Number=Plur 10 replied nsubj 9 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 replied aux 10 replied reply VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 4 deferred advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 deferred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defer past · passive the decision vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V»: subject=Source 2 reply speech: assert past · perfect all parents vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 On matters of football, I defer to my brother.
case obl case nmod punct nsubj case nmod:poss obl punct root On ADP matters NOUN of ADP football NOUN , PUNCT I PRON defer VERB to ADP my PRON brother NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 2 matters case 2 matters matter NOUN Number=Plur 7 defer obl 3 of of ADP _ 4 football case 4 football football NOUN Number=Sing 2 matters nmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 2 matters punct 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 defer nsubj 7 defer defer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 to to ADP _ 10 brother case 9 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 brother nmod:poss 10 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 7 defer obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 defer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defer present I matters of football to my brother vn acquiesce-95.1 «NP V PP.pivot»: agent=Agent to brother=Pivot 2 matter football nom matter «cognition intransitive»: of=agent
Example 4 (formal) Payment may be deferred until the end of the month.
punct amod punct nsubj:pass aux aux:pass case det obl case det nmod punct root ( PUNCT formal ADJ ) PUNCT Payment NOUN may AUX be AUX deferred VERB until ADP the DET end NOUN of ADP the DET month NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 2 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 4 Payment amod 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 4 Payment payment NOUN Number=Sing 7 deferred nsubj:pass 5 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 deferred aux 6 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 deferred aux:pass 7 deferred defer VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 until until ADP _ 10 end case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 end det 10 end end NOUN Number=Sing 7 deferred obl 11 of of ADP _ 13 month case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 month det 13 month month NOUN Number=Sing 10 end nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 deferred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defer may · passive formal Payment until the end of the month vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V»: subject=Source
Example 5 She deferred her university place for a year.
nsubj nmod:poss compound obj case det obl punct root She PRON deferred VERB her PRON university NOUN place NOUN for ADP a DET year NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 deferred nsubj 2 deferred defer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 place nmod:poss 4 university university NOUN Number=Sing 5 place compound 5 place place NOUN Number=Sing 2 deferred obj 6 for for ADP _ 8 year case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 year det 8 year year NOUN Number=Sing 2 deferred obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 deferred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defer past She her university place year vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent place=Source
Example 6 (formal) Subsequently, the match was deferred to the following Saturday.
punct punct advmod punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass conj case det amod obl punct root ( PUNCT formal ADJ ) PUNCT Subsequently ADV , PUNCT the DET match NOUN was AUX deferred VERB to ADP the DET following VERB Saturday PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 2 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 4 Subsequently subsequently ADV _ 2 formal advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 deferred punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 match det 7 match match NOUN Number=Sing 9 deferred nsubj:pass 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 deferred aux:pass 9 deferred defer VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 formal conj 10 to to ADP _ 13 Saturday case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 Saturday det 12 following follow VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 Saturday amod 13 Saturday Saturday PROPN Number=Sing 9 deferred obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 formal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defer past · passive the match saturday vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V»: subject=Source 2 follow gerund vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 As the hunchback was one of the Sultan's private jesters, the chief of police resolved to defer sentence of death until he had consulted his master.
The tree, 27 words case det obl cop case det nmod:poss case amod nmod punct det conj case nmod acl mark xcomp obj case nmod mark nsubj aux advcl nmod:poss obj punct root As ADP the DET hunchback NOUN was AUX one NUM of ADP the DET Sultan PROPN 's PART private ADJ jesters NOUN , PUNCT the DET chief NOUN of ADP police NOUN resolved VERB to PART defer VERB sentence NOUN of ADP death NOUN until SCONJ he PRON had AUX consulted VERB his PRON master NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 hunchback case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 hunchback det 3 hunchback hunchback NOUN Number=Sing 5 one obl 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 one cop 5 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 6 of of ADP _ 11 jesters case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 Sultan det 8 Sultan Sultan PROPN Number=Sing 11 jesters nmod:poss 9 's 's PART _ 8 Sultan case 10 private private ADJ Degree=Pos 11 jesters amod 11 jesters jester NOUN Number=Plur 5 one nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 chief punct 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 chief det 14 chief chief NOUN Number=Sing 5 one conj 15 of of ADP _ 16 police case 16 police police NOUN Number=Plur 14 chief nmod 17 resolved resolve VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 police acl 18 to to PART _ 19 defer mark 19 defer defer VERB VerbForm=Inf 17 resolved xcomp 20 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 19 defer obj 21 of of ADP _ 22 death case 22 death death NOUN Number=Sing 20 sentence nmod 23 until until SCONJ _ 26 consulted mark 24 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 26 consulted nsubj 25 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 26 consulted aux 26 consulted consult VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 19 defer advcl 27 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 28 master nmod:poss 28 master master NOUN Number=Sing 26 consulted obj 29 . . PUNCT _ 5 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past one and the chief of police as the hunchback; of the Sultan's private jesters tree rules 2 resolve participle police not said here tree rules 3 defer to-infinitive sentence of death vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent sentence=Source 4 consult past · perfect he his master vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent master=Theme 5 sentence death nom sentence «communication transitive»: of=patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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