defiant Who acts: Defiant, defiant child, defiant boy, She, defiant soldiers, cat · What happens: mean, refuse, not obey, do, tell, stand up · To what, where: you, arms, room, bully, defiant voice, cup · Speech: someone speaks here
«defiant» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: defiant in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Defiant means openly refusing to obey or to do what you are told.
nsubj advmod ccomp mark xcomp cc mark conj obj nsubj:pass aux:pass ccomp punct root Defiant ADJ means VERB openly ADV refusing VERB to PART obey VERB or CCONJ to PART do VERB what PRON you PRON are AUX told VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Defiant defiant ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 openly openly ADV _ 4 refusing advmod 4 refusing refuse VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means ccomp 5 to to PART _ 6 obey mark 6 obey obey VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 refusing xcomp 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 do cc 8 to to PART _ 9 do mark 9 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 obey conj 10 what what PRON PronType=Int 13 told obj 11 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 13 told nsubj:pass 12 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 told aux:pass 13 told tell VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 do ccomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Defiant vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 refuse gerund openly property vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 3 not obey to-infinitive vn abide_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4 do to-infinitive tree rules 5 tell speech: assert present · passive you vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient what=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"a defiant child folded his arms".
punct det amod nsubj nmod:poss obj punct punct root " PUNCT a DET defiant ADJ child NOUN folded VERB his PRON arms NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 folded punct 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 child det 3 defiant defiant ADJ Degree=Pos 4 child amod 4 child child NOUN Number=Sing 5 folded nsubj 5 folded fold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 arms nmod:poss 7 arms arm NOUN Number=Plur 5 folded obj 8 " " PUNCT _ 5 folded punct 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 folded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fold in a quote past a defiant child child's arms vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent arm=Patient
Meaning 2 Defiant can also mean bravely standing up to something stronger.
nsubj aux advmod advmod xcomp compound:prt case obl amod punct root Defiant ADJ can AUX also ADV mean VERB bravely ADV standing VERB up ADP to ADP something PRON stronger ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Defiant defiant ADJ Degree=Pos 4 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 mean advmod 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 bravely bravely ADV _ 6 standing advmod 6 standing stand VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 mean xcomp 7 up up ADP _ 6 standing compound:prt 8 to to ADP _ 9 something case 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 standing obl 10 stronger strong ADJ Degree=Cmp 9 something amod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Defiant vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 stand up not said to happen gerund Defiant not said here to something; bravely property vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"a defiant shout against the storm".
punct det amod case det nmod punct punct root " PUNCT a DET defiant ADJ shout NOUN against ADP the DET storm NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 shout punct 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 shout det 3 defiant defiant ADJ Degree=Pos 4 shout amod 4 shout shout NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 against against ADP _ 7 storm case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 storm det 7 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 4 shout nmod 8 " " PUNCT _ 4 shout punct 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 shout punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 1 The defiant boy refused to tidy his room.
det amod nsubj mark xcomp nmod:poss obj punct root The DET defiant ADJ boy NOUN refused VERB to PART tidy VERB his PRON room NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 boy det 2 defiant defiant ADJ Degree=Pos 3 boy amod 3 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 4 refused nsubj 4 refused refuse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 tidy mark 6 tidy tidy VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 refused xcomp 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 room nmod:poss 8 room room NOUN Number=Sing 6 tidy obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 refused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 refuse past the defiant boy vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 not tidy to-infinitive the defiant boy not said here boy's room tree rules
Example 2 She gave the bully a defiant stare.
nsubj det obj det amod obj punct root She PRON gave VERB the DET bully NOUN a DET defiant ADJ stare NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 bully det 4 bully bully NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obj 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 stare det 6 defiant defiant ADJ Degree=Pos 7 stare amod 7 stare stare NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past She the bully vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent bully=Recipient stare=Theme
Example 3 "I won't!" she said in a defiant voice.
punct nsubj ccomp advmod punct punct nsubj case det amod obl punct root " PUNCT I PRON wo AUX n't PART ! PUNCT " PUNCT she PRON said VERB in ADP a DET defiant ADJ voice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 wo punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 wo nsubj 3 wo will AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 said ccomp 4 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 wo advmod 5 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 wo punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 3 wo punct 7 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 said nsubj 8 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 in in ADP _ 12 voice case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 voice det 11 defiant defiant ADJ Degree=Pos 12 voice amod 12 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 8 said obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past she a defiant voice vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in voice=Manner
Example 4 The defiant soldiers would not surrender.
det amod nsubj aux advmod punct root The DET defiant ADJ soldiers NOUN would AUX not PART surrender VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 soldiers det 2 defiant defiant ADJ Degree=Pos 3 soldiers amod 3 soldiers soldier NOUN Number=Plur 6 surrender nsubj 4 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 surrender aux 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 surrender advmod 6 surrender surrender VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 surrender punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not surrender would the defiant soldiers vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 The cat looked defiant as it knocked the cup off the table.
det nsubj xcomp mark nsubj advcl det obj case det obl punct root The DET cat NOUN looked VERB defiant ADJ as SCONJ it PRON knocked VERB the DET cup NOUN off ADP the DET table NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cat det 2 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked nsubj 3 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 defiant defiant ADJ Degree=Pos 3 looked xcomp 5 as as SCONJ _ 7 knocked mark 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 knocked nsubj 7 knocked knock VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 looked advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 cup det 9 cup cup NOUN Number=Sing 7 knocked obj 10 off off ADP _ 12 table case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 table det 12 table table NOUN Number=Sing 7 knocked obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past the cat defiant property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 knock past cat the cup off the table vn split-23.2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent cup=Patient off table=Co-Patient
Example 6 Despite losing, the team stayed defiant to the end.
mark advcl punct det nsubj xcomp case det obl punct root Despite ADP losing VERB , PUNCT the DET team NOUN stayed VERB defiant ADJ to ADP the DET end NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Despite despite ADP _ 2 losing mark 2 losing lose VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 stayed advcl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 losing punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 team det 5 team team NOUN Number=Sing 6 stayed nsubj 6 stayed stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 defiant defiant ADJ Degree=Pos 6 stayed xcomp 8 to to ADP _ 10 end case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 end det 10 end end NOUN Number=Sing 7 defiant obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 stayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose gerund the team not said here vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 stay past the team defiant property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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