defile

Who acts: defile, few, army, road, you · What happens: be, pass, defile, dirty, spoil, not use · To what, where: narrow path, something, it, defile, narrow defile

«defile» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: defile in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

A defile is a narrow path or valley between high rocks or hills, where only a few can pass at a time.

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 defile	det
2	defile	defile	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 path	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 path	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 path	det
5	narrow	narrow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 path	amod
6	path	path	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 valley	cc
8	valley	valley	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 path	conj
9	between	between	ADP	_	11 rocks	case
10	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 rocks	amod
11	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 path	nmod
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	13 hills	cc
13	hills	hill	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 rocks	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 pass	punct
15	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	20 pass	advmod
16	only	only	ADV	_	18 few	advmod
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 few	det
18	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 pass	nsubj
19	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	20 pass	aux
20	pass	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 path	parataxis
21	at	at	ADP	_	23 time	case
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 time	det
23	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 pass	obl
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 path	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a defile	a narrow path or valley				between high rocks or hills	tree rules
2	pass	can	a few				time		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: verb, old use — kept apart, not parsed.

To defile something is to make it dirty or spoil it so it cannot be used.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 defile	mark
2	defile	defile	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 make	csubj
3	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 defile	obj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 make	cop
5	to	to	PART	_	6 make	mark
6	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 make	obj
8	dirty	dirty	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 make	xcomp
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 spoil	cc
10	spoil	spoil	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 dirty	conj
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 spoil	obj
12	so	so	SCONJ	_	17 used	mark
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 used	nsubj:pass
14	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 used	aux
15	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	17 used	advmod
16	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	17 used	aux:pass
17	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 spoil	advcl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	defile	to-infinitive	something		tree rules
2	is	present		make property	tree rules
3	dirty	infinitive			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	spoil	infinitive	it		tree rules
5	not use	can · passive	it		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Example 1

The army marched through the defile in single file.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 army	det
2	army	army	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 marched	nsubj
3	marched	march	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	through	through	ADP	_	6 defile	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 defile	det
6	defile	defile	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 marched	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 file	case
8	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 file	amod
9	file	file	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 marched	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 marched	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	march	past	the army			the defile		in single file	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through defile=Trajectory

Example 2

The road ran through a narrow defile between two cliffs.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 road	det
2	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ran	nsubj
3	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	through	through	ADP	_	7 defile	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 defile	det
6	narrow	narrow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 defile	amod
7	defile	defile	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ran	obl
8	between	between	ADP	_	10 cliffs	case
9	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 cliffs	nummod
10	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 ran	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 ran	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	past	the road			a narrow defile		between two cliffs	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through defile=Trajectory

Example 3

Do not defile the spring with rubbish.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 defile	aux
2	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	3 defile	advmod
3	defile	defile	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 spring	det
5	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 defile	obj
6	with	with	ADP	_	7 rubbish	case
7	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 defile	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 defile	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not defile	imperative · do-support	you not said here				spring	with rubbish	tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/defile/