defraud Who acts: He, people, fake charity, Scammers, you, strangers · What happens: trick, lie, cheat, defraud, save, try · To what, where: someone, money, old people, people, banker, customers
«defraud» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: defraud in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.
To trick someone out of money, property or rights by lying or cheating: «He defrauded old people of their savings».
The tree, 20 words mark obj case case obl punct conj cc conj mark advcl cc conj punct punct nsubj conj amod obj case nmod:poss nmod punct punct root To PART trick VERB someone PRON out ADP of ADP money NOUN , PUNCT property NOUN or CCONJ rights NOUN by SCONJ lying VERB or CCONJ cheating VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT He PRON defrauded VERB old ADJ people NOUN of ADP their PRON savings NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 trick mark 2 trick trick VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 trick obj 4 out out ADP _ 6 money case 5 of of ADP _ 6 money case 6 money money NOUN Number=Sing 2 trick obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 property punct 8 property property NOUN Number=Sing 6 money conj 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 rights cc 10 rights right NOUN Number=Plur 6 money conj 11 by by SCONJ _ 12 lying mark 12 lying lie VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 trick advcl 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 cheating cc 14 cheating cheat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 lying conj 15 : : PUNCT _ 18 defrauded punct 16 « « PUNCT _ 18 defrauded punct 17 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 defrauded nsubj 18 defrauded defraud VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 lying conj 19 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 20 people amod 20 people people NOUN Number=Plur 18 defrauded obj 21 of of ADP _ 23 savings case 22 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 23 savings nmod:poss 23 savings savings NOUN Number=Ptan 20 people nmod 24 » » PUNCT _ 18 defrauded punct 25 . . PUNCT _ 2 trick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trick to-infinitive someone money and property or rights vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient 2 lie gerund vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 cheat gerund vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4 defraud in a quote past He old people of people's savings vn cheat-10.6.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Source 5 save in a quote people nom savings «possession transitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 The fake charity defrauded people of thousands of pounds.
det amod nsubj obj case nmod case nmod punct root The DET fake ADJ charity NOUN defrauded VERB people NOUN of ADP thousands NOUN of ADP pounds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 charity det 2 fake fake ADJ Degree=Pos 3 charity amod 3 charity charity NOUN Number=Sing 4 defrauded nsubj 4 defrauded defraud VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 defrauded obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 thousands case 7 thousands thousand NOUN Number=Plur 5 people nmod 8 of of ADP _ 9 pounds case 9 pounds pound NOUN Number=Plur 7 thousands nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 defrauded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defraud past the fake charity people of thousands of pounds vn cheat-10.6.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Source
Example 2 Scammers try to defraud people with fake prize emails.
nsubj mark xcomp obj case amod compound obl punct root Scammers NOUN try VERB to PART defraud VERB people NOUN with ADP fake ADJ prize NOUN emails NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scammers scammer NOUN Number=Plur 2 try nsubj 2 try try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 defraud mark 4 defraud defraud VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 try xcomp 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 defraud obj 6 with with ADP _ 9 emails case 7 fake fake ADJ Degree=Pos 9 emails amod 8 prize prize NOUN Number=Sing 9 emails compound 9 emails email NOUN Number=Plur 4 defraud obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 try punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 try present Scammers vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 defraud not said to happen to-infinitive Scammers not said here people with fake prize emails vn cheat-10.6.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Source
Example 3 The banker was jailed for defrauding his customers.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct root The DET banker NOUN was AUX jailed VERB for SCONJ defrauding VERB his PRON customers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 banker det 2 banker banker NOUN Number=Sing 4 jailed nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 jailed aux:pass 4 jailed jail VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 for for SCONJ _ 6 defrauding mark 6 defrauding defraud VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 jailed advcl 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 customers nmod:poss 8 customers customer NOUN Number=Plur 6 defrauding obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 jailed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 jail past · passive the banker vn confine-92 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 defraud gerund his customers vn cheat-10.6.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent customer=Source
Example 4 Never give your card details to strangers who might try to defraud you.
advmod nmod:poss compound obj case obl nsubj aux acl:relcl mark xcomp obj punct root Never ADV give VERB your PRON card NOUN details NOUN to ADP strangers NOUN who PRON might AUX try VERB to PART defraud VERB you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 give advmod 2 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 details nmod:poss 4 card card NOUN Number=Sing 5 details compound 5 details detail NOUN Number=Plur 2 give obj 6 to to ADP _ 7 strangers case 7 strangers stranger NOUN Number=Plur 2 give obl 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 10 try nsubj 9 might might AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 try aux 10 try try VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 strangers acl:relcl 11 to to PART _ 12 defraud mark 12 defraud defraud VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 try xcomp 13 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 defraud obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not give imperative you not said here your card details strangers vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent detail=Theme to stranger=Recipient 2 try might strangers vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 defraud not said to happen to-infinitive strangers not said here you vn cheat-10.6.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Source 4 detail your nom detail «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 The company was accused of defrauding the government.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass mark advcl det obj punct root The DET company NOUN was AUX accused VERB of SCONJ defrauding VERB the DET government NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 company det 2 company company NOUN Number=Sing 4 accused nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 accused aux:pass 4 accused accuse VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 of of SCONJ _ 6 defrauding mark 6 defrauding defraud VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 accused advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 government det 8 government government NOUN Number=Sing 6 defrauding obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 accused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 accuse past · passive the company vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme 2 defraud gerund the government vn cheat-10.6.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent government=Source
Example 6 He defrauded his grandmother of her savings, which made the whole family sad.
The tree, 13 words nsubj nmod:poss obj case nmod:poss nmod punct nsubj acl:relcl det amod obj xcomp punct root He PRON defrauded VERB his PRON grandmother NOUN of ADP her PRON savings NOUN , PUNCT which PRON made VERB the DET whole ADJ family NOUN sad ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 defrauded nsubj 2 defrauded defraud VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 grandmother nmod:poss 4 grandmother grandmother NOUN Number=Sing 2 defrauded obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 savings case 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 savings nmod:poss 7 savings savings NOUN Number=Ptan 4 grandmother nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 made punct 9 which which PRON PronType=Rel 10 made nsubj 10 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 grandmother acl:relcl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 family det 12 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 13 family amod 13 family family NOUN Number=Sing 10 made obj 14 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 10 made xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 defrauded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defraud past He his grandmother of her savings vn cheat-10.6.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grandmother=Source 2 make past his grandmother of her savings the whole family sad property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset family=Product 3 save her = she nom savings «possession transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 Friar Bacon was defrauded of his labour in producing the Brazen Head in a similar way.
The tree, 16 words nsubj flat aux:pass case nmod:poss obl mark advcl det amod obj case det amod obl punct root Friar PROPN Bacon PROPN was AUX defrauded VERB of ADP his PRON labour NOUN in SCONJ producing VERB the DET Brazen ADJ Head NOUN in ADP a DET similar ADJ way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Friar Friar PROPN Number=Sing 4 defrauded nsubj 2 Bacon Bacon PROPN Number=Sing 1 Friar flat 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 defrauded aux:pass 4 defrauded defraud VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 labour case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 labour nmod:poss 7 labour labour NOUN Number=Sing 4 defrauded obl 8 in in SCONJ _ 9 producing mark 9 producing produce VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 defrauded advcl 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 Head det 11 Brazen brazen ADJ Degree=Pos 12 Head amod 12 Head head NOUN Number=Sing 9 producing obj 13 in in ADP _ 16 way case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 way det 15 similar similar ADJ Degree=Pos 16 way amod 16 way way NOUN Number=Sing 9 producing obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 defrauded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 defraud past · passive Friar of Friar's labour vn cheat-10.6.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Source 2 produce gerund the Brazen Head a similar way vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Result
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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