defray

Who acts: bake sale, formal company, Parents, Selling · What happens: pay, defray, cost, help, ask, sell · To what, where: some, costs, something, cost, school trip, travel expenses

«defray» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: defray in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

To pay some or all of the cost of something: «to defray the costs».

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 pay	mark
2	pay	pay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 defray	advcl
3	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 pay	obj
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 all	cc
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 some	conj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 cost	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 cost	det
8	cost	cost	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 all	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 something	case
10	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	8 cost	nmod
11	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 defray	punct
12	«	«	PUNCT	_	14 defray	punct
13	to	to	PART	_	14 defray	mark
14	defray	defray	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 costs	det
16	costs	cost	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 defray	obj
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 costs	punct
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 defray	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	roles by
1	pay	to-infinitive	some	vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Asset
2	defray in a quote	to-infinitive	the costs	tree rules
3	cost		something	nom cost «possession transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

The bake sale helped defray the cost of the school trip.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 sale	det
2	bake	bake	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sale	compound
3	sale	sale	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 helped	nsubj
4	helped	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	defray	defray	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 helped	xcomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 cost	det
7	cost	cost	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 defray	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 trip	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 trip	det
10	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 trip	compound
11	trip	trip	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cost	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 helped	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	help	past	the bake sale		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	defray	infinitive	the bake sale not said here	the cost of the school trip	tree rules
3	cost			the school trip	nom cost «possession transitive»: of=patient

Example 2

(formal) The company will defray all travel expenses.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 formal	punct
2	formal	formal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 company	amod
3	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 formal	punct
4	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 company	det
5	company	company	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 defray	nsubj
6	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 defray	aux
7	defray	defray	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	10 expenses	det
9	travel	travel	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 expenses	compound
10	expenses	expense	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 defray	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 defray	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	defray	future	the formal company	all travel expenses					tree rules

Example 3

Parents were asked for two pounds to defray the cost of the coach.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Parents	parent	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 asked	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 asked	aux:pass
3	asked	ask	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 pounds	case
5	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 pounds	nummod
6	pounds	pound	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 asked	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 defray	mark
8	defray	defray	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 asked	xcomp
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 cost	det
10	cost	cost	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 defray	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 coach	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 coach	det
13	coach	coach	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 cost	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 asked	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	past · passive		Parents	for two pounds	vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
2	defray not said to happen	to-infinitive	Parents not said here	the cost of the coach		tree rules
3	cost			the coach		nom cost «possession transitive»: of=patient

Example 4

Selling tickets helped defray the expenses of the play.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Selling	sell	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 helped	csubj
2	tickets	ticket	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Selling	obj
3	helped	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	defray	defray	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 helped	xcomp
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 expenses	det
6	expenses	expense	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 defray	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 play	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 play	det
9	play	play	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 expenses	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 helped	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	sell	gerund		tickets	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ticket=Theme
2	help	past	Selling		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	defray	infinitive	Selling not said here	the expenses of the play	tree rules

Example 5

(formal) A grant was awarded to defray the costs of research.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 formal	punct
2	formal	formal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 grant	amod
3	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 formal	punct
4	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 grant	det
5	grant	grant	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 awarded	nsubj:pass
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 awarded	aux:pass
7	awarded	award	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	to	to	PART	_	9 defray	mark
9	defray	defray	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 awarded	xcomp
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 costs	det
11	costs	cost	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 defray	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 research	case
13	research	research	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 costs	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 awarded	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	roles by
1	award	past · passive	a formal grant	tree rules
2	defray	to-infinitive	the costs of research	tree rules
3	cost		research	nom cost «possession transitive»: of=patient

Example 6

If they are not claimed in seven days they are sent far away to the Neverland to defray expenses.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	If	if	SCONJ	_	5 claimed	mark
2	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 claimed	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 claimed	aux:pass
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 claimed	advmod
5	claimed	claim	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 sent	advcl
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 days	case
7	seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 days	nummod
8	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 claimed	obl
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 sent	nsubj:pass
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 sent	aux:pass
11	sent	send	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
12	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	13 away	advmod
13	away	away	ADV	_	11 sent	advmod
14	to	to	ADP	_	16 Neverland	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 Neverland	det
16	Neverland	Neverland	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 sent	obl
17	to	to	PART	_	18 defray	mark
18	defray	defray	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 sent	advcl
19	expenses	expense	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 defray	obj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 sent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	not claim speech: other a condition, not said to happen	present · passive	they		day		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic
2	send	present · passive	they	the Neverland		away property	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to neverland=Destination
3	defray	to-infinitive	expenses				tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/defray/